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The document examines climate change in Nepal, highlighting the region's high vulnerability due to diverse topography and reliance on rain-fed agriculture. It analyzes the risks of rapid-onset disasters like floods and slow-onset disasters like drought and forest fires, while advocating for a shift from rigid structural controls to flexible, community-based adaptive capacities.

The document details how rising temperatures in the Northwest are reducing springtime snowpack and shifting streamflow timing, which threatens water supplies, hydropower production, and salmon populations. It also highlights risks of increased forest fires, pest infestations, and coastal erosion due to sea-level rise, particularly in the Puget Sound region.

The report examines the critical role of forests in regulating the global climate through carbon, water, and nitrogen cycles. It argues that while forests currently act as carbon sinks, rising temperatures—particularly above 23C—risk turning them into carbon sources. The text emphasizes the superior carbon storage of old-growth forests over plantations and highlights the extreme vulnerability of peatlands and tropical forests. It concludes that protecting existing forests and their soils is a more effective climate strategy than relying on reforestation or the uncertain phenomenon of 'carbon fertilization'.

The document serves as the first module of a foundation course on air quality management in Asia. It examines the primary drivers of urban air pollution, including fuel combustion from stationary sources and the significant impact of road traffic, particularly motorcycles and old diesel vehicles. It distinguishes between ambient, indoor, and transboundary air pollution, highlighting the severe health impacts of particulate matter (PM2.5) and the role of greenhouse gases in climate change. The text also assesses the air quality management (AQM) capabilities of 20 Asian cities, categorizing them from 'excellent' to 'limited'.

The report documents the environmental and social history of the Betolaza, Circunvalación, and Uretamendi neighborhoods in Bilbao. It highlights how residents historically organized to combat recurrent forest fires through the creation of vegetable gardens, managed their own water distribution systems over 12 years, and supported each other during major floods in 1977-78 and 1983. The text describes the deep connection between the community and the surrounding Arraiz and Pagasarri mountains, as well as the loss of urban gardens in Uretamendi due to municipal landscaping. This work is part of the IntegrateNbS project (2024-2026), which aims to implement inclusive nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation and social equity.

The study finds that the SPEI 12 drought index correlates with forest fire occurrence, particularly during severe and extreme drought events, though 'Milpa' farming remains the primary cause of fire escapes. Projections indicate that future drought events in the region will become more frequent, with an average recurrence time of 1 in 5 years, increasing the risk of escaped agricultural fires.

The report finds that while a majority of Indonesians are worried about global warming, deforestation, and forest fires, there is a significant lack of basic knowledge regarding the definition and causes of climate change. Most respondents feel a strong moral obligation to protect the environment and believe in collective efficacy, yet very few engage in active environmental or political activism.

The document argues that President Donald Trump's 2018 executive order to increase logging by 31 percent to prevent forest fires is misleading and dangerous. It asserts that large-scale industrial timber harvesting is associated with worse fires in some regions and that the primary drivers of worsening fires are climate change, excessive drought, high winds, and heat. The text claims the policy serves to expand the logging industry rather than address the environmental causes of wildfires.

The document outlines a 20-hour self-guided virtual course on satellite data for environmental monitoring, specifically targeting researchers in Latin America and the Caribbean. The curriculum focuses on using Google Earth Engine to analyze tropical forests, land cover, and climate extremes through eight technical modules and six sessions. Participants engage in case studies involving deforestation, drought modeling, and air pollution, culminating in a final assessment requiring a 70% score for certification.

The Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) is an intergovernmental organization serving 19 member states in the Americas. It focuses on transdisciplinary research and the science-policy interface to develop evidence-based solutions for global change. Key initiatives include the health-climate-environment nexus, the Belmont Forum's global funding call for the Amazon and tropical forests, and the Science, Technology and Policy (STeP) fellows program for early-career researchers.

The document examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on vulnerable populations, ecosystem degradation, and the necessity of a transdisciplinary approach to science. Key findings highlight the disproportionate burden on rural women, the role of ocean warming in destroying artisanal fisheries, the link between habitat loss and emerging zoonotic diseases, and the increasing frequency of climate-driven migration. It specifically analyzes the 'vicious cycle' of fires in the Amazon and the challenges of water governance in the Paraná Basin. The report argues that traditional top-down scientific models often exclude the voices of those most affected, proposing a 'co-production' of knowledge between scientists and local communities to create more effective and just adaptation strategies.

The MAP-FIRE project focuses on the 'MAP region' (Madre de Dios, Acre, and Pando) to address the increasing risk of extensive forest fires in the Amazon. The project has quantified the socio-environmental impacts of fire, developed near-real-time monitoring platforms for fire and air quality, and produced technical reports to assist decision-makers. Key findings highlight that drought-induced fire emissions are often omitted from national carbon inventories and that forest fires caused significant economic losses in Acre, Brazil, between 2008 and 2012.

The Bekwai Municipal Assembly identifies rainfall variability, forest fires, water scarcity, windstorms, and flooding as its main climate hazards. The document assesses vulnerabilities across five key sectors, noting that services, trade, and finance have the lowest vulnerability score (-0.23), while agriculture and water, health, and sanitation are highlighted as areas of greater concern. Proposed adaptation measures include implementing smart agriculture, modern irrigation, crop insurance, and enhancing climate education.

The document highlights the necessity for Indonesia to establish a long-term strategy (LTS) for climate action, as the country currently lacks a decarbonization plan beyond its 2030 commitments. It argues that an LTS would protect the economy from long-term costs, provide investment certainty, and optimize land-use and energy systems. The paper suggests that the Low-Carbon Development Initiative (LCDI) led by BAPPENAS could serve as a foundation for this strategy. Key priorities identified include avoiding stranded assets in the energy sector and enhancing the protection of pristine forests and peatlands to mitigate future economic losses from fires.

The study concludes that human-induced climate change made the March-April 2022 heatwave in India and Pakistan approximately 30 times more likely and about 1
C hotter than in a pre-industrial climate. The event, defined as a 1-in-100-year occurrence in today's climate, caused at least 90 deaths, triggered glacial lake outburst floods in northern Pakistan, and led to significant wheat crop yield losses in India, prompting a wheat export ban. The researchers warn that at 2
C of global warming, such heatwaves will become an additional factor of 2-20 more likely and 0.5-1.5
C hotter. Vulnerability is highest among outdoor daily wage earners and urban poor in informal settlements, though the report notes that Heat Action Plans in India, now covering 130 cities, can effectively reduce mortality.

To mitigate the impact of extreme weather and forest fires on biodiversity in Islamabad, WWF-Pakistan installed 500 artificial nest boxes across 33 sites. These boxes, designed to Cornell Lab standards, target species like woodpeckers and owls whose natural nesting cavities are being degraded. In the first season, 91 boxes were occupied, with the common myna being the most frequent occupant.