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The report highlights that British Columbia provides hundreds of millions of dollars in fossil fuel subsidies, which contradicts its CleanBC policy and carbon pricing efforts. It specifically identifies the LNG sector and royalty credits as major areas of concern and recommends a comprehensive phase-out plan and increased data transparency.

The document analyzes China's heavy reliance on fossil fuels, particularly coal, and the fiscal implications of this dependence. It details the structure of government revenues from fossil fuels, the influence of state-owned enterprises, and the prevalence of subsidies. While China has implemented policies to reduce coal overcapacity and peak emissions by 2030, it continues to provide significant subsidies and finance fossil fuel projects internationally through the Belt and Road Initiative.

The report identifies that British Columbia provides hundreds of millions of dollars in annual fossil fuel subsidies through tax exemptions, royalty reductions, and direct spending, which contradicts its CleanBC climate policy. It highlights a significant amount of foregone revenue, including billions in outstanding royalty credits and specific long-term supports for the liquefied natural gas (LNG) sector, and recommends a transparent self-review and phase-out plan.

The production of basic materials accounts for approximately 25% of global CO2 emissions and 16% of EU GHG emissions. While industry commitment to carbon neutrality by 2050 is growing, current innovation funds and carbon pricing are insufficient to make climate-friendly technologies commercially viable. The Climate Friendly Material Platform proposes a policy package including a 'Climate Contribution' as an alternative to Border Tax Adjustments, Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCFDS), Contracts for Difference for Renewables, Green Public Procurement (GPP), and Product Carbon Requirements to stimulate investment and prevent the relocation of production to regions with less stringent climate policies.

The briefing identifies four primary technical approaches to achieve net-zero industrial emissions by 2050: efficient material use, high-quality recirculation using renewable energy, new production processes, and carbon capture and use/storage (CCUS). It argues that the decarbonisation of energy-intensive sectors—including oil, mining, shipbuilding, steel, chemicals, and machinery—is essential for Europe to meet its climate goals. To facilitate this, the document recommends that policymakers provide strategic clarity on hydrogen and biomass, unlock investment, implement carbon pricing to create market demand, and align infrastructure plans with the transition.

The World Resources Institute (WRI) endorses the IMF's Fiscal Monitor report, which identifies carbon pricing as the most efficient tool for climate mitigation. The WRI highlights the report's finding that carbon pricing could prevent 725,000 premature deaths from air pollution in G20 countries by 2030, while noting that the current global average carbon price of $2 per ton is insufficient to limit warming to 2°C.

The analysis argues that large compensation payments to German lignite operators are unlikely to be legally justified because the sector is currently loss-making and most plants have already amortised their investments. Under the German Constitution, compensation is only required in cases of 'exceptional hardship', which is unlikely given the plants' low profitability. Furthermore, such payments would likely be classified as EU State aid, requiring European Commission approval. The document suggests the Commission would struggle to find such aid proportionate or necessary, as market forces and high carbon prices are already driving closures, and other countries like the UK have phased out coal without compensation.

The report argues that current carbon pricing and innovation funds are insufficient to transform the basic materials sector. It proposes a five-part policy package: a Climate Contribution to ensure full carbon cost internalisation, project-based Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfDs) to hedge investment risks, Contracts for Difference (CfDs) for renewables to lower electricity costs, Green Public Procurement (GPP) to create lead markets, and long-term Product Carbon Requirements to phase out carbon-intensive materials.

A statement by the We Mean Business coalition highlighting that 87 companies with a combined market capitalization of over US$ 2.3 trillion have committed to align their operations with a 1.5°C warming limit and net-zero emissions by 2050. The text asserts that this corporate leadership demonstrates the viability of decarbonization and calls for governments to provide policy clarity, such as carbon pricing, to unlock further investment and economic growth.

The research identifies 66 carbon pricing policies globally, categorising adopting polities into five clusters: early adopters, North-American states and provinces, Chinese pilot provinces, second-wave developed polities, and second-wave developing polities. The authors conclude that there is no 'one-size-fits-all' approach to promoting carbon pricing, as different economic, political, and policy variables drive adoption across different clusters. However, they identify general facilitators, including economic crises, UNFCCC commitments, regional learning, and a preference for emissions trading in carbon-intensive economies.

The We Mean Business coalition calls on governments to align their policies with the 1.5C warming limit to provide the clarity and confidence businesses need to invest in zero-carbon technologies. The statement highlights that while nearly 1,000 businesses have made climate commitments and over 190 are transitioning to 100% renewable electricity via RE100, decisive government action is required to embed carbon costs into financial systems and phase out fossil fuel subsidies. Key policy demands include strengthened Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the implementation of TCFD recommendations, and support for the deployment of solar, wind, and electric vehicle infrastructure.

Levi Strauss & Co. has established science-based targets to reduce scope 1 and 2 emissions by 90% and global supply chain emissions by 40% by 2025. The company achieved a 3% reduction in operational emissions between 2016 and 2017 and is scaling a partnership with the International Finance Corporation to reduce GHG emissions across its top suppliers. Its energy strategy includes a goal of 100% renewable electricity in owned facilities by 2025, supported by green utility contracts, PPAs, and on-site solar. Additionally, the company advocates for federal climate legislation in the US, supports the Paris Climate Agreement, and is a signatory of the Fashion Industry Charter for Climate Action.

The policy brief examines the interaction between the European Union's coal phase-out and the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). It warns that closing coal plants without adjusting the ETS could create a 'coal bubble' of up to 6.18 billion excess permits by 2040, depressing carbon prices and undermining climate incentives. While the EU ETS supports the transition by making coal less profitable, the author argues it cannot deliver a full phase-out alone. The document recommends increasing the Market Stability Reserve (MSR) intake rate to 36% from 2024, increasing the Linear Reduction Factor to 4.2%, and allowing the cancellation of allowances for any closed ETS installation to maintain market effectiveness.

The We Mean Business coalition calls on G7 leaders to align national policies with the Paris Agreement by setting clear pathways to net-zero emissions by 2050, phasing out fossil fuel subsidies, and supporting a just transition. The statement highlights that over 980 global companies have already made climate commitments, including targets for renewable electricity (RE100) and electric vehicle deployment (EV100), but argues that private action must be reinforced by government leadership to achieve the necessary scale of transformation.

The IISD argues that Canada's current draft framework for assessing non-tax fossil fuel subsidies is too restrictive and lacks transparency. It recommends adopting the World Trade Organization (WTO) definition of subsidies, removing qualifiers like 'specificity' and 'normality', and aligning the 'inefficiency' criteria with Canada's Paris Agreement commitments. The document emphasizes the need for full public disclosure of subsidy data, coordination with Finance Canada on tax-related measures, and the inclusion of provincial and territorial jurisdictions to meet the G7's 2025 phase-out deadline.

The document details regional climate threats in four early primary states, emphasizing that rapid federal action to reduce emissions can significantly mitigate extreme heat, flooding, and economic loss. It highlights specific vulnerabilities such as agricultural productivity in Iowa, tidal flooding in New Hampshire and South Carolina, and water scarcity in Nevada, while advocating for national policies including carbon pricing and clean energy standards.

The World Resources Institute supports the introduction of the SWAP Act and the Raise Wages, Cut Carbon Act, both of which propose an increasing price on carbon and the use of revenue to reduce payroll taxes and fund clean energy R&D.

Ember argues that the UK's priority should be to remain within the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) to maintain a shared Europe-wide approach to carbon pricing. The organization warns against the creation of a standalone UK ETS due to risks of market dysfunction and volatility, suggesting that if the UK must leave the EU ETS, it should implement a carbon tax on power, industry, and aviation with a price floor based on the previous year's average EU ETS price. Furthermore, Ember asserts that carbon pricing must be complemented by direct regulation and public funding to achieve net zero emissions.

The paper finds that removing fossil fuel subsidies across 26 modeled countries leads to an average 6% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, which increases to 13.2% if combined with a 10% energy tax and reinvestment in renewables and energy efficiency. Globally, the removal of these subsidies is estimated to reduce emissions by 6.4% to 8.2% by 2050. The study highlights that governments save an average of USD 93 for every tonne of CO2e removed through subsidy reform, with total cumulative fiscal savings across the 26 countries reaching USD 2.56 trillion by 2030.

The report finds that German lignite plants became significantly unprofitable in the first half of 2019, with the entire fleet losing €664 million. Old units (pre-1990) were hardest hit, with gross profits falling 62% to €188 million. The analysis suggests that 24/7 baseload operation is no longer economic and predicts a €1.8 billion loss for old units between 2020 and 2022. Consequently, the author recommends that the German government push for faster closures, reject excessive compensation claims, and implement a minimum carbon price to prevent future profitability.