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The report examines the application of the 2022 Basel principles for climate-related financial risks (CRFRs) in India, noting that their microprudential focus may create systemic risks. It proposes two macroprudential principles for the Reserve Bank of India (RBI): incentivising credible transition plans and supporting transition and adaptation finance. The document also details practical hurdles faced by Indian banks, such as data gaps and capacity constraints, and aligns the Basel framework with the RBI's 2022 Discussion Paper and 2024 Draft Disclosure Framework.

The report argues that expanding I-270 will not solve long-term congestion due to induced demand and will further burden marginalized communities. It proposes a shift toward a 'Garden City' model featuring green buffers, freight-prioritized corridors with smart technology, expanded transit, and robust anti-displacement strategies. The authors criticize CDOT's current public engagement as insufficient and recommend a more deliberative, data-driven approach to rebuild community trust.

The report finds that by 2031, total federal and provincial support for the BC LNG sector will amount to CAD 3.93 billion. This support includes CAD 1.62 billion in federal public finance and CAD 2.16 billion in provincial support through foregone revenue, reduced electricity rates, and enabling infrastructure. The authors argue that these subsidies shift risk from the private sector to the public and undermine British Columbia's climate targets by failing to uphold the polluter pays principle.

The report finds that while CETP signatories have significantly reduced international public finance for fossil fuels, this has not been matched by a corresponding increase in clean energy support. It highlights ongoing policy violations by several high-income countries and the risk of backsliding due to political shifts, particularly the United States' exit from the partnership in February 2025. The authors recommend a joint quantitative target of at least USD 42 billion per year for clean energy in emerging markets and developing economies by 2026.

The report finds that while green tax incentives are widely used in emerging and developing economies, there is a mismatch between the common reliance on profit-based incentives and the actual barriers to investment, such as high upfront capital costs. It argues that these tools are most effective when integrated into broader policy frameworks and transitioned toward market-based mechanisms as sectors mature.

The document identifies significant variability in the quality of Estonian school meals and highlights systemic issues including insufficient funding, low professional prestige for school cooks, and regulatory barriers to using local, seasonal produce. It advocates for a national vision of sustainable school meals based on ten elements—including health, affordability, and planetary boundaries—and introduces the 'Whole School Food Culture' framework to integrate nutrition into education. Key recommendations include increasing state funding in line with inflation, establishing national minimum criteria for procurement to reduce regional inequality, and ensuring daily plant-based options for all students.

The document provides a comprehensive analysis of how the transition to net-zero emissions affects nine global sectors: agriculture, carbon markets, critical minerals, digital transformation, energy transition, fisheries, heavy industries, shipping, and textiles and garments. It examines the intersection of trade policies and climate action, highlighting the risks of 'green protectionism' and the potential for developing countries to capture new economic opportunities through value addition and green industrialization. The reports emphasize the need for international cooperation to ensure a just transition, particularly for least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing states (SIDS).

Africa's nitrogen fertilizer consumption is 5.5x below the global average, leaving 50 million small family farmers at a disadvantage due to high costs and price volatility of imported 'gray' fertilizers. The report argues that Distributed Green Ammonia (DGA) production—which is modular, smaller, and compatible with intermittent renewable energy—can provide a cheaper, more resilient local supply. It highlights emerging technologies such as novel Haber-Bosch systems, plasma catalysis, chemical looping, and direct electrochemical conversion. A commercial modular plant by TalusAg in Naivasha, Kenya, is cited as a proof of concept producing fertilizer over 50% cheaper than imports. Scaling these solutions requires cheap clean electricity, demand aggregation through partners like One Acre Fund, and access to local currency debt to mitigate currency volatility.

The report argues that the financial sector's climate governance chain is fundamentally broken, as voluntary net-zero commitments by financial institutions and cooperative initiatives have failed to stop the flow of capital into fossil fuels. It introduces an "impact levers" framework to provide actor-specific recommendations for banks, asset managers, pension funds, and regulators to move from voluntary pledges toward enforceable standards and systemic accountability to support a Paris-aligned economy.

Buildings account for 18% of Canada's GHG emissions, with residential space heating as the primary energy driver. The document argues that deep energy retrofits (DERs)—defined as achieving a minimum 50% reduction in energy consumption—are essential for net-zero targets. While high upfront costs are a barrier, the green building industry could contribute CAD 150 billion to the economy by 2030, with annual energy bill savings estimated at CAD 10.8 billion. The brief recommends adopting the highest tier of the National Building Code, implementing innovative financing like Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE), and scaling prefabricated retrofit models like Energiesprong.

The report argues that the economic and energy security justifications for expanding oil and gas activities in the Colombian Amazon are poorly substantiated. It recommends permanently shelving unassigned blocks, protecting biodiversity, and managing the decline of the fossil fuel industry in areas like Putumayo to align with Colombia's climate commitments and its USD 40 billion climate and nature investment plan.

The document argues that Africa's critical minerals offer a transformative opportunity for economic development, provided the continent moves beyond exporting raw materials to building competitive value chains. It highlights the strategic importance of minerals like cobalt and lithium for the global energy transition and calls for international cooperation, specifically through the G20, to ensure fair governance and equitable industrial growth.

The document evaluates the use of renewable hydrogen in Southeast Asia's power sector, arguing that while it can address seasonal storage and peaking needs, the practice of co-firing hydrogen and ammonia in fossil fuel plants is often cost-inefficient and may delay the transition away from fossil fuels. It recommends prioritizing renewable energy and grid infrastructure to lower costs and enhance global competitiveness.

The report analyzes the first round of Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs) under the Paris Agreement's Enhanced Transparency Framework, focusing on the voluntary adaptation sections (A-BTR). By reviewing 10 diverse countries, the authors find that while there is strong commitment to reporting, most countries lack comprehensive monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) systems, leading to a gap in evidence regarding the actual effectiveness of adaptation actions. The report highlights significant reporting gaps for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs), a lack of gender equity and social inclusion (GESI) integration, and insufficient transparency regarding financial flows.

The Public Affairs Research Institute (PARI) assessed the implementation of the State Capture Commission (SCC) recommendations in South Africa. While progress was noted in asset recovery (R10.9 billion recovered by March 2025) and the establishment of the permanent Investigating Directorate Against Corruption (IDAC), the report highlights significant systemic failures. Key concerns include the delayed appointment process for the National Director of Public Prosecutions (NDPP), the lack of a finalized whistleblower protection framework, and the continued politicization of the public administration. The report argues that the government has relied too heavily on legislative bills that are either not yet in effect or incomplete, and that accountability for members of the Executive remains insufficient.

The report highlights that Indigenous Peoples achieved expanded engagement and increased recognition of their contributions to sustainability in 2024 across the Rio Conventions. However, it identifies inconsistent acceptance of human rights language and a lack of direct funding for participation and customary practices as primary remaining barriers.

The report evaluates 18 updated NDCs from non-Annex I countries using a new Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) framework focused on needs, design, and credibility. While some countries have improved their quantification of finance needs and integration with national plans, the report finds that most NDCs still lack the granular cost estimates and detailed implementation roadmaps necessary to effectively signal investment opportunities to private and public capital.

The report examines how India can transition to cleaner EV charging by utilizing time-of-day (ToD) tariffs, green tariffs, rooftop solar, and open access. While states like Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh use ToD tariffs to encourage charging during solar hours (10 AM to 4 PM), the prevalence of nighttime home charging and limited public charging infrastructure (approximately 26,367 stations) hinder effectiveness. Green tariffs are currently restricted to consumers with loads over 100 kW, and while rooftop solar is gaining traction in Delhi and Bengaluru, high deployment costs remain a barrier. Open access for renewable energy is available for operators with a 100 kW load, but high upfront and third-party charges limit its adoption.

The report argues that while India's shift to electric vehicles can reduce emissions by 33%-55% compared to internal combustion engines, full decarbonisation depends on increasing the share of clean electricity in the grid. It estimates that meeting the charging needs of the projected 2030 EV stock would require approximately 14 GW of dedicated wind and solar capacity. The analysis highlights significant regional disparities in the cleanliness of EV charging across 10 Indian states, with Karnataka leading in clean energy share and Uttar Pradesh, the largest market by volume, providing only 18.3% of charging electricity from clean resources.

The Amazon Soy Moratorium (ASM), established in 2006, prevents the purchase of soy grown on land deforested after 2008 in the Amazon biome. Between 2009 and 2022, deforestation dropped by 69% in monitored municipalities. Signatories argue that dismantling the ASM would unlock 1.1 million hectares for soy cultivation, potentially releasing 300 million tonnes of CO₂ within 1 to 2 years and opening approximately 10 million hectares of deforested land to soybean cultivation. The pledge calls for continued adherence to the 2008 cut-off and urges Brazilian authorities to maintain the ASM to align economic development with environmental stewardship.