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The report 'Panorama de Financiamento Climático para Uso da Terra no Brasil 2021-2023' by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes financial flows directed toward agriculture and forests aligned with climate goals in Brazil. It finds a significant increase in annual climate finance for land use, reaching an average of R$ 88.1 billion between 2021 and 2023, driven largely by rural credit and domestic private sources. The document details the instruments used, the sectors benefited, and the specific climate uses (mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage), while highlighting gaps in transparency and the need for more rigorous verification of sustainable practices.

This document is an annex listing the federal and state legislation consulted for a 2024 report titled "ONDE ESTAMOS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO CÓDIGO FLORESTAL?" (Where are we in the implementation of the Forest Code?). It provides a comprehensive bibliography of laws, decrees, normative instructions, and resolutions related to the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA) across various Brazilian states.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes how deforestation in the Amazon rainforest reduces rainfall and river flow, thereby decreasing the electricity generation capacity and revenue of hydroelectric plants (HPPs) both within the Amazon and in distant regions of Brazil.

This document consists of four case studies detailing national efforts to monitor and report on forest and landscape restoration in Brazil, Kenya, Burkina Faso, and Vietnam. It highlights the development of data governance frameworks, the role of multi-stakeholder platforms, and the challenges of standardizing geospatial data to meet national and international climate commitments.

The 2023 report on the Brazilian Forest Code implementation highlights a significant but uneven leap in CAR analysis and PRA regulation across states. While automated tools have accelerated progress in states like Mato Grosso do Sul and Pará, a critical bottleneck remains: only 2.7% of national registrations have completed analysis, largely due to the high volume of required data rectifications and communication failures with property owners. Political shifts in CAR management between federal ministries have added uncertainty, though subnational leadership continues to drive implementation.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the impact of the European Union Deforestation-Free Regulation (EUDR) on Brazilian agribusiness. It examines how Brazil's existing environmental policies, such as the Forest Code and various monitoring systems, align with the EUDR's requirements and identifies the opportunities and challenges for Brazil to maintain and expand its market share in the European Union.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes deforestation within rural settlements in the Amazon biome between 2012 and 2022. It highlights that a small number of settlements are responsible for a disproportionate amount of forest loss and argues for targeted government interventions, combining environmental monitoring and enforcement with sustainable economic incentives like payments for environmental services.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-Rio analyzes deforestation within rural settlements in the Amazon biome from 2012 to 2022. It finds that deforestation is highly concentrated in a small number of settlements, often located near federal highways, and suggests that targeted government interventions—combining strengthened environmental monitoring with sustainable economic incentives—are essential to achieving Brazil's goal of zero deforestation by 2030.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes forest replenishment (reposição florestal) legislation in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado biomes. It argues that current implementation is outdated, focusing on biomass supply for markets rather than ecological compensation for biodiversity loss, and highlights significant failures in the management of replenishment funds and recent legislative setbacks in Goiás.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative/Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes deforestation and land tenure in the Amazon biome from 2012 to 2021. It identifies critical areas for public intervention and proposes a coordinated strategy between the Brazilian federal and state governments, focusing on rural settlements, the implementation of the Forest Code on private lands, and the territorial zoning of undesignated public areas.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes deforestation and land tenure in the Amazon biome from 2012 to 2021 to identify priority areas for government action. It emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts between the Brazilian federal and state governments, highlighting that federal public areas and private properties were the primary sites of forest loss. The report recommends specific strategies: the federal government should focus on rural settlements and undesignated public forests, while state governments should prioritize the implementation of the Forest Code on private lands.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative/Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (CPI/PUC-Rio) evaluates the 10-year implementation status of Brazil's Forest Code (Law no. 12,651 of 2012). It identifies the analysis of Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) data as the primary bottleneck and provides a seven-point priority agenda for the Lula administration to accelerate environmental regularization and the implementation of Environmental Compliance Programs (PRA).

This guide by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) presents a 'market access methodology' to quantify the direct and indirect environmental impacts, specifically deforestation and carbon emissions, of transportation infrastructure projects. Unlike traditional methods that rely on geographical distance buffers, this approach uses social and economic dynamics—specifically how a project changes the cost and ease of connecting markets—to estimate the area of influence and predict ex-ante land use conversion.

This guide by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) presents a methodology for assessing the direct and indirect areas of influence of transport infrastructure projects, specifically focusing on their impact on deforestation and carbon emissions in Brazil. Unlike traditional geographic buffer methods, this approach uses 'market access' to capture the socio-economic dynamics that drive land-use changes.

This 2023 report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) provides a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012) across Brazilian states. It focuses on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA), detailing the progress in registration, data analysis, and the formalization of environmental recovery commitments. The document highlights a significant acceleration in 2023, with several states adopting automated analysis tools and expanding the number of signed commitment terms, while identifying persistent bottlenecks in communication with landowners and the lack of technical staff in certain regions.

This 2023 report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) provides a comprehensive diagnostic of the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012) across Brazilian states as of 2022. It focuses specifically on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA), analyzing the progress of registration, data analysis, and the actual restoration of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and Legal Reserves.

This policy brief analyzes the 10-year implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code, highlighting a severe lack of uniformity across states. While some states have fully implemented the CAR and PRA systems, others remain stagnant. The analysis of CAR data is identified as the primary bottleneck, with only 2% of national registries fully concluded. The document proposes a seven-point agenda for the federal government, including the creation of a national implementation plan, strengthening the SICAR system, and improving the integration of the Forest Code with anti-deforestation policies and rural credit incentives.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon biome from 2012 to 2021, categorizing forest loss by land tenure to identify priority areas for federal and state government intervention.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the financing landscape for highway and railroad projects in Brazil's North Region and nationwide between 2012 and 2021. It identifies a heavy reliance on public funding, particularly from the federal government and BNDES, while noting a growing but still limited role for private capital via incentivized debentures. The report emphasizes that infrastructure in the Amazon is a primary driver of deforestation and calls for strengthened governance, increased transparency, and rigorous socio-environmental criteria to ensure that future investments do not cause further ecological damage.

BNDES financing in the Legal Amazon from 2009 to 2019 was heavily concentrated in large-scale hydroelectric infrastructure that serves the wider Brazilian grid, despite the region's own significant energy poverty and lack of basic services. While the North Region receives the lowest total share of BNDES disbursements, these funds are highly significant relative to its regional GDP. Recent BNDES initiatives are shifting toward the energy transition, including agreements to replace diesel generation with renewables and a pilot project for solar microgeneration. The report emphasizes that future investments should prioritize reducing regional inequalities in energy, internet access, and basic sanitation.