ONDE ESTAMOS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO CÓDIGO FLORESTAL

This 2023 report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) provides a comprehensive diagnostic of the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012) across Brazilian states as of 2022. It focuses specifically on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA), analyzing the progress of registration, data analysis, and the actual restoration of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and Legal Reserves.

• The implementation of the Forest Code is highly heterogeneous across Brazil. A small group of states—Acre, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, and Rondônia—have reached all implementation stages, while others, such as Pernambuco, Piauí, and Roraima, remain stagnant, having only implemented the CAR registration stage.
• CAR registration is largely consolidated nationwide, with Bahia and Minas Gerais leading with approximately one million registrations each. However, registering territories for Traditional Peoples and Communities (PCT) remains a challenge, with significant progress seen only in Maranhão (548 collective territories) and Pará (29 CARs).
• The analysis of CAR data is the primary bottleneck in the law's implementation. Nationally, only about 12% of registrations have undergone analysis, and only 2% have reached a final conclusion. Espírito Santo is the most advanced state in this stage, having concluded the analysis of 70% of its registrations.
• The 'dynamic analysis' tool developed by the Brazilian Forest Service (SFB) to automate CAR verification has seen very limited adoption. Only São Paulo and Amapá have effectively implemented it; São Paulo processed approximately 362,000 registrations (89% of its base) through the tool in 2022.
• The cancellation of CARs overlapping Indigenous Lands (TIs) and public Conservation Units (UCs) is urgent but slow. Pará is the most proactive state in executing cancellations and suspending irregular registrations, while Mato Grosso's state attorney general (PGE-MT) has issued a controversial opinion allowing CAR registration in TIs.
• The implementation of the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA) is far from complete. Only 15 states have effectively regulated the PRA. Minas Gerais introduced a 'self-declaratory PRA' in 2022, allowing producers to commit to regularization before the official CAR analysis is completed.
• There is a significant gap between the number of properties with confirmed environmental liabilities and those that actually sign commitment terms for restoration. For example, in Pará, while 5,999 registrations had concluded analysis with confirmed liabilities, only 109 had signed commitment terms.
• Goiás introduced legislation in 2022 that the report describes as a 'serious setback,' creating a more flexible alternative procedure for regularizing liabilities that contradicts federal law by extending the regime for areas deforested before 2008 up to 2019.
• The migration of the SICAR system to the Ministry of Agriculture's (Mapa) IT infrastructure in April 2022 caused significant instability, delays in updates, and synchronization problems between state and federal databases.
• Key challenges hindering the analysis of CAR data include insufficient reference cartographic bases, low-quality registrations requiring multiple re-analyses (averaging 11 in Rondônia), and difficulties in communicating with property owners.

APA

Lopes, C. L., Machado, L., & Chiavari, J. (2023). ONDE ESTAMOS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO CÓDIGO FLORESTAL. Climate Policy Initiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/REL-Onde-Estamos-na-Implementacao-do-Codigo-Florestal-2022.pdf

Chicago

Lopes, Cristina L., Lourdes Machado, and Joana Chiavari. ONDE ESTAMOS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO CÓDIGO FLORESTAL. Climate Policy Initiative, 2023. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/REL-Onde-Estamos-na-Implementacao-do-Codigo-Florestal-2022.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Lopes |first1=Cristina L. |last2=Machado |first2=Lourdes |last3=Chiavari |first3=Joana |title=ONDE ESTAMOS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO CÓDIGO FLORESTAL |publisher=Climate Policy Initiative |date=2023 |url=https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/REL-Onde-Estamos-na-Implementacao-do-Codigo-Florestal-2022.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{lopes2023onde, author = {Lopes, Cristina L. and Machado, Lourdes and Chiavari, Joana}, title = {{ONDE ESTAMOS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO CÓDIGO FLORESTAL}}, institution = {Climate Policy Initiative}, year = {2023}, url = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/REL-Onde-Estamos-na-Implementacao-do-Codigo-Florestal-2022.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }