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The report examines how national investment laws handle dispute prevention, management, and settlement (DPMS). It finds that while most laws include DPMS provisions—particularly in Africa and Asia—the use of international arbitration, especially through 'advance consent,' exposes states to significant financial risks. The authors advocate for prioritizing national courts and non-adjudicative mechanisms, providing a structured framework for states to reform their investment laws based on specific national policy problems rather than generic international standards.

The report examines how national investment laws handle the prevention, management, and settlement of disputes between investors and states. Based on an analysis of 167 laws, it finds that while dispute resolution is a common feature—particularly in Africa and Asia—the use of international arbitration and 'prior consent' clauses exposes states to significant financial and regulatory risks. The authors argue that states should prioritize national courts and administrative reviews over parallel arbitration systems and strongly recommend against including unilateral prior consent to international arbitration in national legislation.

The document highlights a paradox in the energy transition across Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico: while renewable capacity grew by approximately 29% between 2020 and 2023, social barriers and a continued reliance on fossil fuel investment hinder a just transition. It emphasizes that technical success does not guarantee social license, citing non-binding participation mechanisms in Chile and territorial conflicts in Mexico and Colombia. The report calls for a shift from mere 'socialization' to 'real participation' to prevent community displacement and ensure energy justice, including clean cooking and affordable tariffs.

WWF's report explores using market forces to manage invasive species, specifically focusing on the development of a framework to evaluate the ecological and business viability of such efforts. It highlights a proof-of-concept project involving the processing of invasive carp for pet food via the company IGNIZA, which utilizes a former limestone mine to reduce energy costs. The report provides detailed ecological and business checklists to prevent unintended consequences, such as incentivizing the spread of invasive species, and applies these to case studies of invasive carp and black locust trees.

The report analyzes Africa's high level of commodity dependence, noting that commodity exports constituted 90% by value of all merchandise exports in 2021. It argues that this dependence often leads to the 'resource curse,' characterized by poor governance, political corruption, and slow economic growth. While some countries like Botswana have attempted to manage resources through sovereign wealth funds, many others face volatility and 'Dutch disease.' The text also highlights how the global energy transition is shifting demand toward minerals like cobalt and lithium, and how climate change is exacerbating vulnerability by reducing agricultural yields in regions such as the Sahel.

The report details a strategic scenario for Africa to improve health and demographic outcomes by 2050. Key interventions include increasing modern contraceptive use to 75% in sub-Saharan Africa and 85% in North Africa, reducing mortality for the top five disease types by 20 percentage points, and expanding safely managed water and sanitation access. The scenario also targets a 20% reduction in under-five stunting in 39 countries. These improvements require an additional US$18.9 billion in health spending continentwide, with infrastructure spending peaking at US$4.7 billion per annum in 2037. The model is based on empirical benchmarks from countries like Ethiopia, Malawi, Ghana, and Kenya, and mirrors historical progress in South America and South Asia.

The report argues that Africa requires an agricultural revolution through AgTech and improved soil fertility to avoid food insecurity, as per capita production is projected to decline by 2043 despite overall increases. It highlights the role of mobile connectivity in providing credit, insurance, and equipment sharing, while noting that rural electricity and internet gaps remain major barriers. The document also details the critical need for affordable fertilisers, contrasting Africa's low usage (22 kg/ha) with the global average (146 kg/ha), and discusses regional initiatives like the AU's 10-year Fertilizer and Soil Health Action Plan to triple fertiliser use by 2033.

The document analyzes Africa's economic trajectory, noting that while the absolute size of the economy is growing, its share of global GDP remains stagnant at around 3% despite a rapidly increasing population. It highlights a widening gap in GDP per capita between Africa and the rest of the world, attributing this to a reliance on raw material exports, the 'resource curse', and a slow recovery from COVID-19. By 2043, Nigeria is projected to become the world's third-largest country by population, and the five largest African economies are expected to be Nigeria, Egypt, South Africa, Ethiopia, and Kenya.

The author asserts that plant-based and animal-free proteins are more efficient at avoiding carbon pollution than clean energy or electric cars because they require approximately one-tenth of the land, water, and energy of traditional livestock. While the industry has faced scaling obstacles due to inconsistent product quality and meat industry opposition, the author identifies 'balanced protein' (blends of plants/fungi and meat) as the most effective near-term growth strategy to reach meat-eating majorities. Mighty Earth is currently campaigning in Europe, the United States, and South America to push supermarkets to end discriminatory pricing and product placement policies that hinder the adoption of animal-free proteins.

The document examines the convergence of trade and climate policies, highlighting how unilateral trade measures and green industrial policies in advanced economies create systemic barriers for developing nations. It identifies critical gaps in policy, governance, and knowledge, and proposes a framework for multilateral dialogues under the UNFCCC to ensure a just transition.

The assessment identifies 349 migratory, transboundary freshwater fish species that potentially meet CMS Appendix criteria, with 325 not yet listed. These species are facing rapid declines due to connectivity loss, habitat degradation, and overexploitation. The report emphasizes the need for basin-scale cooperation in priority areas such as the Amazon, Mekong, and Danube, proposing a 'toolbox' of CMS instruments—including Appendix listings, Action Plans, and MOUs—to restore 'swimways' and ensure the survival of these ecologically and economically vital species.

The document defines climate disinformation as deliberately incorrect information used to manipulate or protect economic interests, and greenwashing as communication used by governments and companies to appear more sustainable than they are. It advises journalists to avoid 'false equidistance' by reflecting the scientific consensus that over 99% of specialized studies attribute climate change to human activity. Recommended reporting techniques include 'prebunking' (warning audiences about disinformation tactics) and the 'truth sandwich' method (starting and ending with facts while briefly addressing the myth). The guide emphasizes investigating the funding of science, particularly links to the fossil fuel industry, and examining the real-world impact of proposed climate solutions like carbon capture and plastic recycling, which it notes are often promoted by the fossil fuel industry despite limited impact. It highlights that while disinformation is a global phenomenon, its effects are most acute locally in regions with extractive projects and 'green transition' promises.

Mighty Earth's Rapid Response program uses remote sensing and supply chain monitoring to identify deforestation at the 10-hectare level, prompting agribusinesses to act within 48 hours. The program has contributed to a 90% decline in commodity deforestation in Southeast Asia and parts of the Congo Basin, resulting in over 275 supplier suspensions in the palm oil sector and nearly 1,000 suspensions in Latin America and Africa.

The report highlights that natural regeneration in the Brazilian Amazon could capture up to 26 GtCO2, presenting a significant economic opportunity. It proposes the Reversing Deforestation Mechanism (RDM), a jurisdictional results-based payment system that could mobilize up to US$ 784 billion over 30 years at a carbon price of US$ 50 per ton. The RDM is designed to complement other financial tools: JREDD+ for reducing deforestation and the Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF) for maintaining standing forests. The analysis emphasizes that states like Pará and Mato Grosso have the highest restoration potential due to cumulative deforestation, while Amazonas is the primary beneficiary of standing forest payments.

The document highlights the deployment of a cattle traceability program in Pará, Brazil, and a proposed traceability bill in Colombia to combat 'cattle laundering' and deforestation. It warns that the Amazon Soy Moratorium is under threat from a Brazilian anti-competition body ruling and discusses the Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF), for which Brazil has committed $1 billion, though the author argues $25 billion is needed to achieve necessary scale.

The report analyzes Africa's projected development through 2043, contrasting a baseline 'Current Path' of steady but insufficient growth with a 'Combined scenario' of integrated reforms. While the Current Path shows modest poverty reduction and economic growth, the Combined scenario demonstrates transformative potential, including a GDP (MER) of US$8.9 trillion and the removal of 199 million additional people from extreme poverty. The analysis identifies the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), governance reform, and human capital investment as the three most decisive drivers for accelerating this transformation.

A coalition of environmental organizations warns that the Amazon rainforest is nearing a critical tipping point, noting that 17% of original forests are gone and 6.7 million hectares burned in 2024. The statement calls for the rejection of the EU-Mercosur trade deal and the preservation of the soy moratorium to prevent the biome from becoming a net carbon source and to protect the indigenous peoples defending the territory.

A coalition of over 50 organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) demands urgent, health-centered climate action to protect vulnerable populations. The document highlights that the region faces severe health risks from heatwaves, air pollution, and vector-borne diseases, yet lacks sufficient national health-climate plans and dedicated financing. It calls for the alignment of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) with health goals, a just transition away from fossil fuels, the implementation of the Escazú Agreement, and the inclusion of health indicators in international climate funding.

The Common Position of Latin America and the Caribbean on Climate Change and Health outlines a multisectoral framework to center health in climate governance. It identifies critical gaps, such as the fact that only 11 countries in the region have national health and climate change plans and only 11.6% of Green Climate Fund investments in the region address health. The position advocates for six pillars: protecting health from climate impacts, mitigation with health co-benefits, climate justice and equity, adaptation and health system resilience, health leadership, and financing.

The CEO of Mighty Earth discusses the risks associated with JBS's listing on the New York Stock Exchange, citing a history of bribery, fraudulent climate claims, and pollution. While noting progress such as the suspension of 1,000 suppliers linked to deforestation by JBS and other Brazilian meatpackers, the author highlights ongoing failures in South American cattle companies to prohibit deforestation in the Cerrado, Pantanal, and Chiquitania ecosystems, as well as a general lack of methane pollution disclosure.