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The project aims to reduce urban climate vulnerabilities in Ethiopia through a combination of national policy frameworks, city-level Nature-based Solutions (NbS), and sustainable financing. In Addis Ababa, interventions focus on the Jemo-Harbu River corridor, including reforestation of Jemo Mountain, riverbank stabilization, and the creation of green canopies to mitigate heat and flood risks. In Jimma, the project targets the Awetu River catchment through reforestation, agroforestry, and wetland rehabilitation. Nationally, it establishes an Inter-Sectoral Coordination Committee and a knowledge portal to mainstream NbS into urban planning. The initiative is supported by a total of USD 47 million, with USD 25 million from the Green Climate Fund and USD 22 million from KOICA, targeting a total of 1,780,947 direct and indirect beneficiaries.

The report evaluates the Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture Capacity and System Strengthening (NSA CASE) project (2019–2024) in Ethiopia's Oromia, Amhara, and Somali regions. Using the Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) methodology, the analysis finds that investing in nature-based infrastructure—such as drought-tolerant crops, perennial fruit trees, and moisture-harvesting technologies—can yield a return of up to USD 2.37 for every USD 1 invested over 26 years. This total benefit is estimated at USD 46 billion (ETB 5,161 billion), encompassing avoided costs from floods and droughts, increased agricultural productivity, carbon storage, and reduced malnutrition.

The report analyses the 'memory wars' in Ethiopia, where political elites use 'invented traditions' and memorialisation to advance competing ideological agendas. It identifies three primary approaches to collective memory: the rejectionist approach, which seeks to deconstruct the 'great tradition' of the Ethiopian state; the revivalist approach, which seeks to restore it; and the moderationist approach, which attempts a selective balance. These approaches operate across four layers of tradition: the pre-1991 great tradition, the post-1991 federal vernacular tradition, regional traditions, and local-level traditions. The author argues that the contradictions between these approaches and the lack of a negotiated, shared collective memory have reinforced political instability and armed conflict.

Ethiopia is not on track to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, with poverty and hunger projected to remain high due to conflict in Tigray, climate change, and economic shocks. The report argues that a sustainable food system transformation is possible with an additional annual public investment of USD 4.6 billion from 2023 to 2030. This funding would target increasing agricultural productivity, transitioning to healthier diets, and enhancing climate resilience. A significant financing gap exists between short-term emergency food assistance and the long-term investments required for systemic resilience. Key recommendations include prioritizing on-farm interventions, scaling up sustainable livestock intensification to reduce GHG emissions, and integrating nutrition education with social protection programs.

The report assesses Ethiopia's progress toward healthy and sustainable food systems, highlighting a projected decrease in extreme poverty and undernourishment by 2030 alongside a significant increase in livestock-driven GHG emissions. It examines the country's vulnerability to drought, the role of climate-smart agriculture in improving dietary diversity, and the influence of Official Development Assistance (ODA), with the United States as the primary donor. The document also details the development of national dietary guidelines and analyzes household consumption patterns, noting that wealthier households have higher dietary diversity and meat consumption.

The Market Approaches to Resilience (MAR) project (2015-2019) aimed to reduce the vulnerability of rural Ethiopian pastoralists to climate shocks by diversifying their assets beyond livestock. By providing microfinance services—including loans, savings, and credit—the project enabled participants, particularly women, to establish small businesses and generate steady cash incomes. This financial diversification reduced the need for long-distance migration to find grazing land during droughts. The project employed a 'systems approach' that combined financial services with the restoration of depleted landscapes through the planting of trees and vegetation. A key focus was gender integration, with some Village Saving and Loan Associations (VSLA) reaching up to 80% female membership. The project reached 188,902 people, including 70,825 women, and demonstrated that pastoralist resilience can be improved without forcing a transition to a non-nomadic lifestyle. The authors conclude that systemic resilience requires longer funding cycles than the typical three-year period to ensure institutional gains are sustainable and to overcome barriers such as the reluctance of financial institutions to serve low-income, non-permanent settlements.

The NAP Implementation Roadmap for Ethiopia details a strategic framework to reduce climate vulnerability from 2020 to 2030. It focuses on five implementation components: agriculture and water, natural resource management, health, livelihoods and social protection, climate services and adaptation technologies, and infrastructure. The roadmap identifies 18 adaptation options and five strategic priorities, emphasizing the mainstreaming of climate adaptation into national development plans like the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP). Key goals include achieving food security by 2030 and expanding access to safe water. The document highlights significant capacity gaps at sub-national levels and the need for a resource mobilization strategy to meet an estimated implementation cost of USD 90 billion.

The report analyzes the drivers of ethnic conflict in contemporary Ethiopia, focusing on the cyclical relationship between political institutions and nationalist mobilizations. It argues that the 'centralised ethno federation' established by the EPRDF created fault lines that, when combined with recent political liberalization and institutional fragility, led to widespread violence. The author examines specific conflicts in the north, west, and south, applying the concepts of the 'security dilemma' and 'invidious comparison' to explain micro-level violence. The document concludes that sustainable stability requires transforming the ruling party, conducting inclusive national dialogue, and reclaiming state autonomy from mob influence.

The document examines the failure of traditional humanitarian aid in Ethiopia, which often undermined local resilience by displacing local businesses and decimating farmer herds. It highlights a 2016 experiment by Mercy Corps that used subsidies for traders to maintain livestock prices and vouchers to support local veterinary and forage businesses, allowing pastoralists to preserve their core breeding stock and strengthen local economies during the 2016/7 drought.

The 2015–16 drought in Ethiopia was an exceptionally rare event, likely occurring once every few hundred years in central and north-eastern regions, exacerbated by El Niño. It affected 9.7 million people, causing over 75% crop loss in most affected areas and the death of one million livestock. While the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) and government resources provided critical support, the event demonstrated that existing preparedness systems are limited when facing very extreme events. However, outcomes were better than the droughts of 1973 and 1984, indicating improved resilience.

The report examines Ethiopia's high vulnerability to climate change, particularly for pastoralists and smallholder farmers. It analyzes national strategies like the Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) and the Programme of Adaptation on Climate Change (EPACC), noting that while political will is strong, adaptation efforts are heavily skewed toward agriculture and disaster risk management, leaving gaps in health, energy, and transportation. It also details the role of international funding and the lack of robust national knowledge-sharing networks.

The document provides a multi-dimensional analysis of COVID-19 in Ethiopia, covering the health system's response, macroeconomic shocks, social vulnerabilities, and the intersection of the pandemic with political instability. It details government measures such as the state of emergency, financial support for banks, and public health campaigns, while highlighting critical gaps in digital governance and the risk of increased poverty.

The document reports that pastoral communities in Ethiopia's Borana and Somali zones are facing unprecedented climate variability, including increasing temperatures and drought frequency, which are rendering traditional coping strategies ineffective. It identifies significant barriers to adaptation, such as land degradation, resource conflicts, and limited access to information and financial services. The brief recommends that the Ethiopian government protect pastoral land, improve weather information sharing, and enhance social safety nets. It advises civil society to integrate climate projections into programming and leverage traditional knowledge, while urging international donors to provide funding flexibility for climate emergencies.

The report examines gender mainstreaming in Ethiopia's mine action sector, highlighting the role of historical gender equality movements (such as the TPLF) and the necessity of adapting strategies to diverse regional norms. While women are heavily involved in mine risk education (MRE) and victim assistance, they are entirely absent from technical demining roles. The paper emphasizes that pre-existing women's organizations and a decentralized sector structure both shape the effectiveness of gender-sensitive interventions.

The World Resources Institute developed a baseline water risk model for Ethiopia using 2015 data to help decision-makers incorporate water-related climate risk into sectoral planning. The model utilizes geospatially-explicit estimates for irrigation, livestock, domestic, and industrial water use, combined with 36 years of remotely-sensed renewable water resources data. It generates four key indicators: baseline water stress, months of water scarcity, seasonal variability, and interannual variability. The model is intended for national-level scenario analysis and monitoring of Sustainable Development Goal target 6.4.2, though it excludes water storage infrastructure, environmental flow requirements, and transboundary water obligations.