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Ethiopia utilizes the Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy to aim for middle-income status by 2025 while reducing emissions and building resilience. The National Adaptation Plan (NAP) serves as a roadmap to mainstream adaptation across sectors and government levels, from federal to woreda. Key priority sectors for adaptation include agriculture, forestry, water, energy, transport, industry, health, and urban areas, addressing threats such as droughts, floods, rainfall variability, and increasing temperatures. The process has evolved from the 2007 National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) through the Ethiopian Programme of Adaptation to Climate Change (EPACC) to the current NAP framework, with recent milestones including Green Climate Fund support for gender-responsive drought resilience.

Togo has adopted a government-wide, multisectoral approach to climate change adaptation, treating it as a development issue central to its Vision 2030 goals. The country is systematically mainstreaming adaptation into national planning and the domestic budget, led by the Ministry of Planning and the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Key climate threats identified include heatwaves, droughts, floods, rainfall variability, and sea level rise, affecting priority sectors such as agriculture, coastal zones, health, human settlements, and water.

The document reviews Ghana's climate risk profile, noting that while it is less vulnerable than some West African neighbors, the northern regions face high risks due to poverty and reliance on rain-fed agriculture. It evaluates national policies like the National Climate Change Policy (2014) and the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (2010–2020), finding that while these provide a framework, sectoral policies—particularly in agriculture and health—often lack concrete adaptation actions. The review identifies a strong concentration of adaptation projects in the agricultural sector, primarily in northern Ghana, and notes that while Ghana is a significant recipient of bilateral adaptation funds in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a gap in funding for the water, fisheries, and health sectors.

The report finds that malaria cases in Tororo and Kabale are projected to more than double by 2050, driven primarily by population growth and secondarily by rising temperatures. Economic costs are expected to at least double, with Tororo's annual costs potentially rising to between US$20.1 million and US$560.5 million, and Kabale's to between US$1.55 million and US$41.7 million. While the evidence base for climate-malaria linkages in Uganda is limited, the study suggests that temperature increases will be particularly significant in the highland region of Kabale. Recommended adaptation strategies include strengthening disease surveillance, improving drainage in infrastructure projects, and continuing the distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), both of which are identified as cost-effective interventions.

The study examines the vulnerability of Arabica coffee in Bududa, Uganda, to climate variability and projected climate change. It finds that yields have declined due to poor management and extreme weather, including droughts and landslides. The report argues that transitioning from 'Business as Usual' (BAU) to Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA)—defined here as planting shade trees, mulching, and trench construction—significantly improves the internal rate of return (IRR) for farmers, even under future climate scenarios. While costly, the study concludes that a combined programme of CSA and institutional support is economically justified, with a projected IRR of around 36%.

Climate change risks, specifically typhoons and intense rain, are causing significant income losses for rice farmers in the Philippines' Pangasinan and Tarlac provinces. Future climate projections indicate shifting rainfall patterns that will further threaten agricultural sustainability, necessitating local government intervention.

The document analyzes climate vulnerability in the Bacia do Jacuípe, a poor region in the Brazilian Sertão, where temperatures have risen by approximately 2 °C and rainfall has decreased by about 350 mm since 1962. This environmental shift has led to a decline in average milk productivity, contrasting with overall increases in Bahía and Brazil. To address this, the Adapta Sertão coalition tested various farm-level interventions, finding that efficient irrigation systems and balanced animal diets can reduce production's dependence on climate, suggesting these are viable adaptation strategies for larger-scale implementation in semi-arid regions.

The document applies an eight-step process to analyze climate risks in Bagamoyo, Tanzania, by comparing local community perceptions of floods, droughts, and sea-level rise with historical data from the Dar es Salaam International Airport station and future projections under the RCP8.5 scenario. While historical data only partially confirm local perceptions of specific flood and drought events, future projections strongly suggest increasing maximum temperatures and a likely decrease in the length of the long rainy season. The study concludes that these trends threaten agriculture and health, necessitating 'climate-smart' agricultural practices and improved coastal infrastructure.

The document outlines efforts to create tools for assessing how climate change affects surface hydrology in the Peruvian Andes, specifically focusing on water regulation and its subsequent impacts on energy and agriculture.

The project investigates long-term hydrological changes in the American cordillera, utilizing tree-ring records and streamflow data to analyze drought patterns and climate regime shifts. Initial findings highlight a severe 14th-century drought in the high Andes with significant social consequences, a declining streamflow trend in Chile linked to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and an increasing drought risk in the southern Andes between 1920 and 2002 that threatens agriculture and hydroelectric power.

The document describes two techniques for creating elicited probability tables (EPTs) to simplify the process of building Bayesian networks when measured data is unavailable or insufficient. Both methods utilize a user-defined "typical distribution" to represent a normal state of affairs. The first method, "Influence Weights," assumes that changes in parent nodes independently affect the child node and is best used when parent and child nodes share the same states. The second method, "Likelihood," uses a log-likelihood approach to model how parent nodes shift the child node's probability away from the typical distribution, making it suitable for cases where parent nodes have different states than the child node.

The document warns that a 1.5°C global temperature increase will result in a 2°C rise for Namibia, potentially within the next decade. This warming is expected to cause decreased annual rainfall, more frequent heat waves, and a loss of approximately 30% of species. Health risks include increased vulnerability to heat stroke and potential disease outbreaks in new areas, although malaria may decrease due to drier conditions. To adapt, the document recommends diversifying farming, implementing rangeland management, and practicing soil and water conservation.

The Bekwai Municipal Assembly identifies rainfall variability, forest fires, water scarcity, windstorms, and flooding as its main climate hazards. The document assesses vulnerabilities across five key sectors, noting that services, trade, and finance have the lowest vulnerability score (-0.23), while agriculture and water, health, and sanitation are highlighted as areas of greater concern. Proposed adaptation measures include implementing smart agriculture, modern irrigation, crop insurance, and enhancing climate education.