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The document evaluates the first decade of the Paris Agreement, arguing that climate finance delivery has been characterized by "incremental promises, contentious negotiations, evolving priorities and an erosion of trust amongst Parties." It highlights a significant investment deficit in Africa, where the region receives only 3% of global climate finance flows despite its high vulnerability. The brief critiques the delayed and contested achievement of the US$100 billion annual goal, the underfunding of adaptation and loss and damage, and the over-reliance on debt-creating loans over grants. It calls for a shift toward public-led, concessional finance and systemic reforms to the global financial architecture to ensure equity and transparency ahead of COP30.

The report examines methane emissions from Brazil's waste sector, which accounts for 15% of the country's methane emissions. It identifies significant infrastructure gaps, such as the continued operation of approximately 2,000 inadequate disposal sites and a low organic waste recovery rate of 1%. While Brazil has a comprehensive regulatory framework, including the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) and the 'Fuel of the Future' law, implementation is hindered by financial constraints and a lack of technical capacity at the municipal level. The report recommends expanding composting, anaerobic digestion, and landfill gas capture to meet Paris Agreement commitments and the targets of the National Solid Waste Plan (PLANARES).

The report examines how Brazil's powerful agribusiness sector uses greenwashing and political lobbying to avoid climate regulation, specifically regarding methane emissions, as the country prepares to host COP30. It highlights the contradiction between Brazil's global climate leadership goals and the exclusion of agricultural methane from its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). The document details corporate efforts to shape the COP30 agenda through the 'AgriZone' and media partnerships, while criticizing structural weaknesses in the Brazilian Climate Plan, such as the exclusion of agriculture from the Emissions Trading System and the inefficiency of the ABC+ Plan. It concludes that the livestock industry's influence threatens the effectiveness of Brazil's climate commitments and the broader goals of the Paris Agreement.

The report argues that Brazil's agribusiness sector exercises disproportionate political power to maintain 'agricultural exceptionalism,' allowing it to avoid strict climate regulations. It highlights the omission of agricultural methane from Brazil's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and criticizes the industry's use of misleading metrics like GWP* to downplay emissions. The document also details corporate efforts by giants like JBS, MBRF, and Minerva to shape the COP30 agenda through sponsored events and media influence, while contrasting this industrial model with a more sustainable agroecological system led by small farmers.

The report identifies a growing global landscape of over 60 sustainable finance taxonomies, noting high-level interoperability in classification structures and objectives but significant challenges at the granular criteria level. While development is accelerating, implementation remains in early stages, particularly in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). The Taxonomy Roadmap Initiative, launched at COP29, aims to address these gaps through three pillars: identifying core economic activities, developing common technical approaches, and formulating transition finance guidelines. To support these goals, the initiative is launching a set of tools at COP30, including a Sustainable Finance Taxonomy Mapper and Principles for Taxonomy Interoperability.

ClientEarth outlines three legal imperatives for COP30: combating climate disinformation, translating the ICJ's Advisory Opinion into 1.5°C-compatible domestic laws, and establishing enforceable corporate accountability for environmental harms. The brief emphasizes the transition from voluntary pledges to mandatory legal compliance to ensure the goals of the Paris Agreement are met.

The document asserts that Canada is falling behind its 2030 and 2035 emissions targets and should utilize Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs) to achieve cost-effective reductions. It suggests that Canada can leverage its strengths in methane detection, clean electricity, and carbon removal technologies to create bilateral agreements, similar to Japan's Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM). The report warns that simple liquefied natural gas (LNG) export deals are unlikely to meet strict Article 6 additionality requirements and recommends establishing a national coordination mechanism to integrate climate finance with trade and sustainable development goals in the Global South.

The document assesses Canada's current emissions trajectory and proposes the adoption of a structured ITMO framework, modeled after Japan's Joint Crediting Mechanism, to help Canada meet its 2030 and 2035 climate targets while promoting its clean-tech sector globally.

The Just Transition Compass establishes a framework to move from high-level climate commitments to scalable, justice-focused implementation. It identifies four core elements of a just transition—restorative, distributive, procedural, and climate justice—and argues that domestic transitions require international cooperation to avoid economic spillovers and financial inequalities. The document proposes the creation of a permanent Just Transition Coordination Unit within the UNFCCC to reduce fragmentation, align financial flows, and provide capacity support to countries.

The report outlines a systematic approach to estimating bottom-up climate finance needs by extracting data from 167 NDCs. It distinguishes bottom-up needs—finance required by countries to reach national targets—from top-down needs, which are derived from predictive models for 1.5°C pathways. The methodology involves standardizing diverse data on sector classification, timeframes, and currency (converting to 2023 USD), while categorizing finance as unconditional (domestic) or conditional (international). The document acknowledges significant data gaps, noting that less than half of the reviewed NDCs provide fully costed needs, and that current bottom-up estimates are insufficient to align with a net-zero pathway.

The Carbon Rating Framework, developed by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI), aims to integrate emissions performance into financial decision-making by assigning companies a rating from CR1 (lowest emissions) to CR10 (highest emissions). Phase 2 involved testing this framework on a sample of 50 companies, using a weighted average of current emission intensity (70%) and projected intensity (30%) normalized by revenue. The testing demonstrated the framework's ability to differentiate emissions across diverse sectors, though it highlighted limitations regarding the availability of projected emissions data and the volatility of revenue as a normalization metric. Future directions include integrating Scope 3 emissions, aligning with India's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), and utilizing sector-specific intensity metrics.

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) reports a portfolio of USD 19.3 billion since 2015, having reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 96 million tonnes of CO2e and reached 249 million people through adaptation projects. To address the escalating climate crisis, the GCF has launched the '50by30' vision, aiming for a USD 50 billion portfolio by 2030, with annual programming targets rising to USD 15 billion by 2035. The Fund emphasizes a balanced approach, currently allocating 59% of its portfolio to adaptation and 41% to mitigation, with a strong focus on Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and African states. Key operational achievements include the Readiness Programme, which has provided 874 grants worth USD 752 million to 142 developing countries, and the 'Efficient GCF' programme, which reduced the median time from project approval to disbursement to 6 months in 2024.

The NAP Global Network Strategy to 2030 aims to move developing countries from the formulation of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) to active implementation. The strategy is built on three pillars: national-level technical support, South-South peer learning, and knowledge generation. Key priorities include supporting Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS), enhancing monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) systems, and amplifying the voices of underrepresented groups and civil society. The Network seeks approximately USD 28–30 million over the strategy period to maintain its operations and support for partner countries.

The document highlights the risks of planning water and energy sectors in isolation, particularly as climate change increases water stress and impacts hydropower. It proposes the combined use of the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) and Water Evaluation and Adaptation Planning (WEAP) tools, alongside macroeconomic modelling, to identify trade-offs and synergies. Case studies in Rwanda and Central Asia illustrate how this integrated approach can prevent GDP losses and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The brief further suggests that such integration helps countries align their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) to optimize limited climate finance.

The project targets SMEs in logistics, infrastructure, and transport in Nigeria to address the lack of technical capacity and finance that hinders climate action. It aims to provide tools for emissions measurement, climate-aligned investment planning, and regulatory alignment with Nigeria's Climate Change Act and NDCs. The initiative is implemented through five workstreams, including the development of carbon market toolkits and B2G dialogue reports, focusing on project locations in Abuja and Enugu.

The Water Evaluation and Adaptation Planning (WEAP) platform is a scenario-based modelling tool used in 190 countries to integrate supply- and demand-side perspectives for water resilience. It enables users to simulate climate-driven scenarios, evaluate adaptation strategies such as infrastructure upgrades and demand management, and analyze trade-offs at the water-energy-food nexus through integration with the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) and macroeconomic models. WEAP supports both top-down and locally led initiatives across various scales, from local watersheds to transboundary river basins.

The document examines the alignment of Indonesia's business sector with the 2035 NDC, highlighting a potential investment opportunity of USD 3.8 trillion. While over 100 Indonesian companies have adopted science-based targets, the report identifies significant barriers including regulatory uncertainty, fragmented institutional responsibility, and a lack of a standardized 'green investment' definition. It proposes solutions such as 'power wheeling' for renewable energy access, blended finance mechanisms, and sectoral decarbonization roadmaps for energy, industry, and transport to ensure the NDC is 'investible' and supports the national goal of net-zero by 2060.

The document outlines the economic and environmental necessity for South Africa to raise its climate ambition in its second NDC. It emphasizes that transitioning from a coal-dependent economy to one powered by renewables is an economic imperative to avoid trade risks from Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAMs) and to unlock new industries like green hydrogen and electric vehicles. The briefing provides sector-specific recommendations for power, transport, and heavy industry, while stressing the need for deep public-private collaboration and the inclusion of SMEs to achieve a net-zero target by 2050.

The UK has reduced emissions by 50.4% since 1990 while growing its economy by nearly 80%, with the net zero economy contributing £83.1 billion to GDP in 2024. However, the report identifies a 'policy implementation gap,' noting that as of June 2025, credible plans existed for only 38% of the reductions needed for the 2030 NDC. The document calls for a holistic approach to electrification, the creation of lead markets for green technologies, a national retrofit strategy for housing, and a comprehensive plan to close a green skills gap of up to 400,000 workers. It also emphasizes the need to align climate goals with nature recovery and to overcome political polarization by communicating the economic benefits of the transition to the public.

The We Mean Business Coalition asserts that the Paris Agreement has created a shared global framework that made climate policy investible, leading to a surge in clean energy investment and the growth of renewables. Despite progress, such as renewables supplying nearly a third of global electricity and clean-energy investment surpassing $2 trillion in 2024, the document warns that overall ambition remains insufficient. It calls for governments to redirect fossil-fuel subsidies toward clean investment, reform energy markets, and deliver more credible Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by COP30 to ensure a stable economic and climatic future.