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The report analyzes the impact of Brazilian cattle ranching on greenhouse gas emissions, specifically methane from enteric fermentation, which accounts for approximately 60% of national methane emissions. It proposes a four-axis framework for transformation: improving land use and pasture condition, increasing biological productivity through genetics and health, enhancing feed and manure management, and optimizing production system management. The document highlights that extensive ranching, predominant in the North and Midwest, often suffers from low productivity and is linked to deforestation. It recommends integrating methane reduction targets into the Agricultural Plan (Plano Safra), strengthening the link between rural credit and technical assistance, and improving supply chain traceability to decouple cattle growth from land expansion.

The report argues that Madagascar's current economic growth prospects are insufficient for inclusive development due to structural constraints. It recommends strengthening democratic institutions, improving macroeconomic governance through reduced tax exemptions, and investing in agriculture and human capital. To ensure long-term sustainability, the document suggests diversifying into eco-tourism, leveraging the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), and scaling up renewable energy investments, specifically solar and hydro, to reduce fossil fuel dependence.

The document outlines a strategic framework for Gabon to leverage its upper-middle-income status through a return to constitutional rule by April 12, 2025, and a shift away from oil dependency. Key recommendations include strengthening democratic institutions, diversifying the economy into sustainable forestry, mining, and agriculture, and investing in health and education to achieve specific 2030 Sustainable Development Goal targets for child mortality.

The research finds that while the EU's new Public Procurement Data Space (PPDS) tracks the intent of green procurement, it currently lacks the granular data needed to measure actual environmental outcomes. A pilot study using spend-based estimation on German data shows that applying green criteria to all procurement in the construction and vehicle sectors could yield carbon savings significantly higher than those currently achieved by green-tagged contracts. The authors argue that targeted improvements to data consistency and item-level reporting would allow the PPDS to move from tracking 'boxes ticked' to measuring real-world impact.

The Institute for Economic Justice (IEJ) calls for a radical shift in South Africa's fiscal policy for Budget 2026, arguing that current priorities of debt stabilization and primary surpluses fail to address mass unemployment and poverty. The briefing proposes a 'full employment agenda' driven by progressive taxation, the mobilization of public assets like the Government Employees Pension Fund (GEPF), and a significant increase in public investment in infrastructure and social services. Key recommendations include implementing a universal basic income grant, adopting a dual policy rate regime via the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) to lower capital costs for development, and pursuing climate-responsive green industrialization. The IEJ warns that without such transformative changes, the economy will not absorb the growing labour force, leaving unemployment rates above 40%.

The IISD supports Manitoba's 'Path to Net Zero' plan as a framework for a low-carbon economy, praising the creation of a Climate Change Committee of Cabinet and the focus on Indigenous partnerships. However, the IISD emphasizes the need for detailed implementation plans and warns that carbon capture and storage (CCS) may be an expensive alternative to other emissions reduction opportunities.

The report examines Nigeria's potential to leverage its critical mineral deposits—including lithium, cobalt, and copper—to drive economic diversification and meet climate goals. It identifies significant gaps in exploration funding, processing infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks, while highlighting the risk of over-dependence on foreign investors like China. The document recommends a comprehensive national strategy, increased investment in geological mapping, and the development of domestic value-addition capabilities to move beyond the export of raw materials.

The report argues that existing financing for South Africa's just transition, such as the Just Energy Transition Investment Plan (JET-IP), prioritises private profit over social justice and is insufficient in scale. It proposes a cohesive framework anchored in worker demands and a new macroeconomic structure. Key recommendations include the creation of a Climate Response Fund (CRF) funded by carbon taxes and fuel levies, a shift toward 'promotional' monetary policy by the South African Reserve Bank to incentivise green lending, and the recapitalisation of the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) to provide long-term, patient capital for public goods.

The Institute for Economic Justice (IEJ) has submitted recommendations to Parliament’s Joint Constitutional Review Committee to expand the South African Reserve Bank's (SARB) mandate. The IEJ argues that the current focus on inflation targeting through high interest rates hinders sustainable growth and fails to address external inflation drivers like climate change. The submission advocates for a dual mandate balancing price stability with developmental outcomes, including employment and green structural transformation, and calls for stronger coordination between the SARB and the Minister of Finance to align monetary and fiscal policies for a just transition to a low-carbon economy.

The IEJ argues that the SARB's current focus on inflation targeting through interest rate manipulation is a 'blunt approach' that fails to address the external drivers of inflation—such as climate change and global oil prices—while hindering job creation and industrial productivity. The submission contends that the SARB's independence has led to insufficient coordination with the National Treasury, entrenching the economic status quo. To remedy this, the IEJ recommends expanding the SARB's mandate to explicitly include green structural transformation and poverty reduction, and tempering its independence to ensure closer cooperation with the Executive on socioeconomic stability.

The briefing argues that South Africa's economic growth is contingent upon strengthening political institutions, professionalising the public service, and enhancing electoral accountability. It calls for a cohesive foreign policy to restore regional leadership within SADC and the AfCFTA, a decisive plan to combat corruption and gender-based violence, and the effective operationalisation of the Climate Change Act through local government reform and private-public partnerships.

The report argues that South Africa's economic growth is contingent upon strengthening political institutions and accountability. It recommends a ten-point plan focusing on electoral reform, the professionalization of the public service, and the governance redesign of state-owned enterprises like Eskom and Transnet. Regionally, it urges a more proactive role in SADC to defend electoral integrity and improve security mechanisms. On climate, it advocates for the operationalization of the Climate Change Act and a just energy transition through public-private partnerships.

The World Resources Institute asserts that the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement will not stop global climate action but will diminish American political influence and cede a competitive advantage in the green energy economy to China and the European Union. The statement emphasizes that subnational entities and the Inflation Reduction Act will maintain U.S. climate progress.

Analysis of data from the Global Trade Alert database indicates that climate-related industrial policies in major trading economies often trigger 'echo' effects, where subsidy awards and import restrictions by one nation lead to similar responses from others within 6 to 24 months. The study finds that the EU-27 reacts almost every time to Chinese and US moves in net-zero sectors, while Chinese industrial policy support most frequently elicits import curb reactions from both the EU-27 and the USA. These patterns raise concerns regarding tit-for-tat trade conflicts and market access risks, suggesting a need for greater international alignment and transparency in supply-side interventions for the low-carbon transition.

The World Resources Institute describes the COP29 agreement to deliver at least $300 billion per year by 2035 as an important but insufficient 'downpayment' for developing countries. While the deal triples current finance flows and establishes a roadmap to reach $1.3 trillion from all sources, the WRI emphasizes that this amount does not meet the actual needs of vulnerable nations to pursue low-carbon economies and manage climate disasters.

The document analyzes the shift in Brazil's bioeconomy governance since 2023, highlighted by the creation of the National Bioeconomy Strategy and the National Bioeconomy Secretariat within the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MMA). It categorizes bioeconomy into three visions—biotechnological, bio-resources, and bio-ecological—noting that the current national strategy primarily aligns with the bio-ecological vision. The report details new regulatory frameworks such as the 'Fuel of the Future' law and various sustainable production programs, while mapping the transversal roles of multiple ministries (including MDIC, Fazenda, and MCTI) in coordinating the transition to a low-carbon economy.

Mongolia possesses significant wind and solar potential, estimated at 2600 GW, yet renewable electricity production was only about 9% of the total as of 2023. The government aims for 30% renewable energy capacity by 2030 under its Vision 2050 strategy. While 12 utility-scale projects are operational with a total investment of USD 533 million, the sector faces challenges including a predominantly male workforce and a reliance on electricity imports from China and Russia (22.3% in 2023). Current regulations include USD-denominated tariffs capped in 2019 and various tax exemptions, with future plans focusing on competitive auctions and battery storage.

The document outlines the need for a substantial increase in climate finance for developing countries, arguing that current profit-driven practices often undermine human rights. It presents a toolkit intended for campaigners and state actors to identify intervention points for reforming the economic system and advocating for equitable, low-carbon development.

The report examines how the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) is leveraging its regulatory authority to align the national financial system with environmental goals. It details the BCB's 'BC# Sustainability Agenda', which introduces risk management requirements for social, environmental, and climate risks, and mandates disclosures based on TCFD recommendations. A significant portion of the analysis focuses on rural credit, where the BCB has implemented restrictions on financing for properties that violate the Forest Code or are located in protected areas. The report highlights the role of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Rural Credit Bureau (SICOR) in monitoring compliance and suggests further integration of remote sensing data to enhance oversight.

The Canadian Sustainable Jobs Act (Bill C-50) establishes a governance framework, including a Partnership Council and Action Plans, to ensure a people-centred transition to a low-carbon economy. The legislation emphasizes social dialogue and decent work, aiming to align sustainable employment with the Net-zero Emissions Accountability Act.