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This research paper examines the emergence of markets for global environmental services in Central America, focusing on greenhouse gas emission reduction trading in Costa Rica and the role of shade-grown coffee in biodiversity and carbon sequestration in El Salvador.

This 1997 case study by the World Resources Institute examines the history and strategic evolution of the Weyerhaeuser Company, focusing on its transition from a traditional timber harvester to a leader in High Yield Forestry (HYF) and sustainable forest stewardship.

This factsheet outlines greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options for Pakistan's forestry sector, identifying five high-priority, cost-effective measures to reverse deforestation and increase carbon sequestration. It projects that forestry sector emissions will rise from approximately 10 MtCO2e in 2012 to 15 MtCO2e by 2030 under a business-as-usual scenario, while highlighting the potential for significant reductions through community management, conifer forest preservation, agroforestry, commercial plantations, and reforestation of degraded land.

This document is a formal notice published in the Government Gazette of South Africa on 7 December 2018. It provides a detailed description of records automatically available from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) in accordance with Section 15(1) of the Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2000.

This policy brief by the Center for International Environmental Law outlines key principles and recommendations for land-use sector mitigation within the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP). It argues that land-use mitigation must be additional to industrial reductions, prioritize food security and land rights, and avoid complex accounting frameworks that create loopholes for developed countries.

This submission, made on behalf of the Ecosystems Climate Alliance and various partner organizations, provides recommendations to the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) on the methodological guidance and modalities for the measuring, reporting, and verifying (MRV) of REDD+ activities.

This guide by the Climate Bonds Initiative outlines the standards and procedures for issuing Certified Forestry Bonds, with a specific focus on the Brazilian market. It details the Climate Bonds Standard's requirements for alignment with a 1.5°C warming limit, the three-step issuance process, and the specific scientific criteria used to identify eligible forestry projects and assets.

This guide by the Climate Bonds Initiative provides a framework for issuing certified green bonds in the forestry sector, with a specific focus on the Brazilian market. It outlines the Climate Bonds Standard, the certification process, and the scientific criteria required to ensure investments align with the goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5ºC.

This briefing by Friends of the Earth International argues that bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) promote a development model based on exploitation and inequality, specifically facilitating the expansion of monoculture tree plantations through broad definitions of 'services' and 'investments'.

This statement from the Instituto Nacional de Ecología (INE) outlines Mexico's proposed national research priorities for the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI). The document advocates for a shift toward identifying and addressing priority problems affecting the Americas, specifically focusing on integrated climate variability assessments, greenhouse gas mitigation in the energy and forestry sectors, and the co-benefits of reducing local and global emissions for human health and ecosystems.

This fact sheet describes a four-year project led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and executed by the African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS) and the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). The project aims to integrate climate change vulnerability and adaptation into sustainable development planning through pilot projects in Kenya, Mozambique, and Rwanda, focusing on agriculture, forestry, and energy production.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the state of negotiations regarding Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) leading up to the 2009 COP 15 in Copenhagen. It examines the technical and political challenges surrounding the scope of REDD, financing mechanisms, measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems, and institutional governance, providing guidance for developing countries to navigate these negotiations.

This guide describes the land-based resource modeling capabilities within the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP), specifically its ability to assess land-use change, biomass energy strategies, and the availability of renewable resources.

The Burundi Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3.0, adopted in 2025, establishes a strategic framework for the country's transition toward a low-carbon, resilient, and inclusive development. The document outlines ambitious targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions by 2035 and comprehensive adaptation strategies across vital sectors, including agriculture, energy, and health, while emphasizing social inclusion for vulnerable groups.

The Republic of Armenia's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) for 2026-2035 outlines economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets and comprehensive adaptation strategies to address high climate vulnerability in a landlocked, mountainous region.

This briefing note presents the results of a baseline vulnerability assessment conducted between 2011 and 2012 in the Tri-National de la Sangha (TNS) landscape, specifically focusing on four community forests in Cameroon. Part of the COBAM project, the study used participatory methods to analyze how climate-related disturbances, such as erratic rainfall and shifting seasons, affect local livelihoods, agriculture, and forest resources, while identifying opportunities to strengthen adaptive capacity through livelihood diversification and improved collective action.

This report, titled "Low-Carbon Development for Mexico" (MEDEC), provides a comprehensive economic and technical analysis of options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Mexico through 2030. It evaluates 40 specific interventions across five sectors—electric power, oil and gas, energy end-use, transport, and agriculture and forestry—comparing a baseline scenario with a low-carbon alternative. The study finds that Mexico can stabilize its emissions at roughly 2008 levels while maintaining economic growth by implementing cost-effective, often "no-regrets" measures, many of which provide significant co-benefits in public health and energy security.

This briefing describes a project led by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) to evaluate fossil-free road freight options for the Swedish forest industry. The project aims to identify viable alternatives to diesel-powered heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) to help Sweden meet its climate goals, with a specific focus on comparing battery-electric HGVs against state-of-the-art biofuel solutions.

The WRI/WBCSD guide 'Sustainable Procurement of Wood and Paper-Based Products: Version 2' is a decision-support tool helping customers develop sustainable procurement policies. It provides 47 resources and organizes its guidance around ten essential questions covering legality, sustainability, climate change, and the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

This case study examines the verification of land restoration results for the Support for Women in Agriculture and Environment (SWAGEN) project in Uganda. Funded by TerraFund and monitored by the World Resources Institute (WRI), the project aimed to restore the Rwoho Central Forest Reserve through community-led tree planting. The document highlights the discrepancies between self-reported planting data and AI-powered satellite verification, using the experience to refine monitoring methodologies for forest restoration at scale.