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The report finds that investments in climate resilient infrastructure (CRI) are in their nascent stages, representing only about 1.1% of average annual infrastructure investment in 2019/20. It proposes a five-principle framework to define and track CRI, though data gaps limited its operationalization to three principles. The study highlights a significant gap between investment and vulnerability, noting no correlation between per capita CRI investment and the ND-GAIN Vulnerability Index. It recommends the adoption of common resilience principles, mandated double materiality disclosures, and the creation of a standardized CRI taxonomy to scale finance.

The December 2022 survey finds that 70% of Americans believe global warming is happening, with 58% attributing it primarily to human activity. While 64% express worry and 63% feel a personal responsibility to help, social engagement remains low, as 63% rarely or never discuss the issue with family and friends. A majority of respondents perceive global warming as already affecting U.S. weather and various environmental problems, though only 14% believe it is too late to take action.

The 2022 rainy season in West Africa saw above-average rainfall and devastating floods, particularly in Nigeria and Niger, where fatalities reached at least 612 and 195 respectively. An attribution study found that climate change made the seasonal rainfall over the Lake Chad region approximately 80 times more likely and 20% more intense, while the 7-day maximum rainfall over the lower Niger Basin became about twice as likely and 5% more intense. Beyond climate change, the flooding was driven by the release of the Lagdo Dam in Cameroon and exacerbated by high poverty rates, political instability, and the location of infrastructure and settlements on flood plains.

The HydroHazards project develops frameworks to analyze how simultaneous or sequential hydrometeorological events impact critical infrastructure and create social vulnerabilities. A national analysis of Sweden indicates that while extreme precipitation, river streamflow, and sea levels rarely coincide in one location, the south and west coasts are more prone to simultaneous floods and extreme sea levels. In the municipality of Halmstad, the project applies a mixed-methods approach—combining network analysis, synthetic distribution networks, and the Impact Chain model—to identify how infrastructure failures lead to cascading effects on the population, distinguishing between underlying social vulnerabilities (e.g., income) and emerging vulnerabilities caused by service disruptions.

The CER's submission on the draft NWRS-3 argues that the strategy must move beyond treating climate change as a future threat and instead implement binding regulations to protect water security. The CER advocates for the formal legal protection of Strategic Water Source Areas (SWSAs), strengthened compliance monitoring and enforcement (CME) through the 'Blue Scorpions', and a moratorium on unconventional oil and gas exploration due to risks of water contamination and methane emissions. It further emphasizes the need for transparency in water licensing and the alignment of the NWRS-3 with South Africa's international commitments under the Paris Agreement and the domestic Climate Change Bill.

World Weather Attribution (WWA) reports on its activities from October 2021 to October 2022, during which it published eight rapid analyses and several peer-reviewed papers. These studies examined the role of human-induced climate change in events such as heatwaves in India, Pakistan, and the UK, as well as flooding and droughts in various regions. The organization emphasizes that while climate change is a major driver for heatwaves, its role in other events like tropical cyclones can be less clear, often compounding with high levels of vulnerability to increase human impacts.

The UNCHAIN project utilizes an impact chain method to improve climate change risk assessments and adaptation actions. In a case study in Halmstad, Sweden, researchers adapted this model to explore how multiple hydrometeorological hazards interact with pre-existing vulnerabilities to create cascading disruptions across critical infrastructures and vital societal functions, potentially generating new vulnerable social groups. The process emphasized the co-production of knowledge, integrating stakeholder expertise from sectors such as water services, urban planning, and risk management through a participatory, iterative approach based on five selected modules of the impact chain framework.

The document examines how climate-driven extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, create cascading failures in essential services that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations in Halmstad, Sweden. It identifies key drivers of social vulnerability—including age, income, and disability—and argues that municipalities should integrate social perspectives into their risk and vulnerability analyses of critical infrastructure to improve crisis preparedness.

The document describes how the organization Neighbours United used deep canvassing—a listening-based outreach method—to overcome climate skepticism in Trail, British Columbia. By conducting 1,181 in-depth conversations focused on storytelling rather than facts, the campaign achieved a 40% persuasion rate, leading the city council to unanimously vote in April 2022 to transition to 100% renewable energy by 2050.

The 2022 floods in Pakistan, which inundated a third of the country, have created a humanitarian catastrophe that exacerbates political instability, provides opportunities for extremist recruitment, and increases risks to nuclear security. The document argues that poor ecological governance and political turbulence worsened the impact. It highlights the potential for groups like the Pakistani Taliban and Islamic State Khorasan to exploit government absence by providing aid. Furthermore, it warns that climate hazards could destabilize nuclear sites or escalate tensions between nuclear-armed neighbors India and Pakistan over water resources in the Indus River Basin. The authors urge the United States to integrate climate considerations into military support and fulfill climate finance commitments to ensure long-term security.

The 2022 monsoon rainfall in Pakistan, particularly in Sindh and Balochistan, resulted in catastrophic flooding that affected over 33 million people and caused damages likely exceeding US$30 billion. Attribution analysis indicates that 5-day maximum rainfall in Sindh and Balochistan is now approximately 75% more intense than it would have been without a 1.2C warming, while 60-day rain across the Indus basin is about 50% more intense. While high regional variability and model discrepancies make exact quantification of the human-induced role difficult, most models and observations show that intense rainfall has increased as Pakistan warmed, with future projections suggesting further significant increases in rainfall intensity at 2 °C of warming.

Recourse advocates for climate justice for Pakistan, which has suffered record heatwaves and floods affecting 33 million people. The organization demands that the World Bank and IMF provide grants rather than loans for reconstruction, cancel Pakistan's debt, and support a just energy transition based on sustainable renewable energy instead of imported fossil gas.

The report finds that while a majority of Americans (72%) believe global warming is happening and 56% attribute it to human causes, there is a significant gap in understanding the strength of the scientific consensus. Public concern is high, with 64% feeling worried and many reporting personal experiences with climate impacts, yet social discussion of the topic remains low, with 67% rarely or never discussing it with family and friends.

An event attribution study found that human-caused climate change increased the likelihood and intensity of the extreme rainfall that hit eastern Northeast Brazil in May 2022, causing over 133 deaths and displacing at least 25,000 people. While the events were exceptionally rare—with a 1-in-500 to 1-in-1000 annual chance in the current climate—they would have been approximately 20% less intense in a world without human-induced warming. The study highlights that pre-existing structural vulnerabilities, such as unplanned urbanization in low-income neighborhoods and an infrastructure deficit, exacerbated the disaster's impact.

The document outlines a 24-month readiness project for Mauritius, implemented by the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS). It aims to bridge the 'usability gap' where national experts struggle to translate scientific evidence into actionable climate interventions. The project focuses on creating a functional climate service network, developing data collection tools, and training stakeholders to integrate climate science into sectoral policies and GCF funding applications. Key target sectors include agriculture, water resources, and coastal zones. The proposal also emphasizes gender mainstreaming, aiming for 50% female representation in working groups and training, and includes a regional exchange visit to the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) in Samoa.

The report highlights a 'double threat' in Northern Canada: inadequate existing infrastructure and a climate warming three times faster than the global average. Permafrost thaw is causing significant structural damage to runways, roads, and residential buildings, which threatens essential services like healthcare and food security. The authors argue that while incremental adaptation (e.g., thermosiphons) can delay costs, 'transformational adaptation'—repensuring how services are delivered and where infrastructure is located—is necessary to address systemic deficits rooted in colonial history. The report recommends federal funding restructuring, improved regional climate risk data, and updated building codes to ensure long-term resilience.

The Managing Watersheds for Enhanced Resilience of Communities to Climate Change in Nepal (MaWRiN) project aims to reduce vulnerability to landslides, floods, and droughts in the Marin watershed, Sindhuli district. With a total cost of USD 36,657,417, the project focuses on mainstreaming climate change adaptation (CCA) into local policies, transferring climate-resilient agricultural and livestock technologies, and implementing nature-based solutions (NbS) across six critical catchment areas. The project specifically targets indigenous populations, who make up 68.5% of the area, and addresses systemic barriers such as high poverty (43%) and limited institutional coordination between municipalities.

A collaborative scientific study found that human-induced climate change approximately doubled the probability of the extreme 2-day rainfall that caused devastating floods in eastern South Africa in April 2022, increasing the event's intensity by 4-8%.

A collaborative scientific analysis concludes that greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions contributed to the increased likelihood and intensity of heavy rainfall during Tropical Storm Ana and Tropical Cyclone Batsirai in early 2022. While Tropical Storm Ana was a rare event for Malawi and Mozambique (1 in 50 years), Cyclone Batsirai was more common for Madagascar (1 in 2 years). The study highlights that existing vulnerabilities, including prior flooding, conflict in northern Mozambique, and drought in southern Madagascar, exacerbated the humanitarian impacts.

A survey of 1,018 American adults in April 2022 reveals that while 72% believe global warming is happening and 56% attribute it to human causes, there is a significant gap in understanding the strength of scientific consensus. A majority of respondents (64%) are worried about global warming, and many perceive it as already affecting U.S. weather and local environmental risks, such as electricity power outages and water pollution. However, social engagement remains low, with 67% rarely or never discussing the topic with family and friends.