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This technical report, produced by the FAO, SEI, TNC, and CI, synthesizes scientific evidence on how forests and trees provide essential ecosystem services—including climate regulation, water availability, and pollination—that enhance agricultural productivity and resilience.

This report by RMI examines the challenges of forecasting large electricity loads—such as data centers and advanced manufacturing—in the United States. It argues that traditional forecasting methods are insufficient for the rapid growth and unique operational characteristics of these loads, which can lead to risks in grid reliability and customer affordability. The document provides a framework for understanding load characteristics, outlines best practices for utilities, and offers specific regulatory actions to ensure forecasts are thorough, up-to-date, and validated.

This report analyzes the environmental implications of the 2022 amendments to the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS), managed by the World Customs Organization (WCO). The author explains how the creation of specific commodity codes for environmentally sensitive products and environmental goods improves trade monitoring and facilitates the negotiation of trade agreements aimed at climate and environmental sustainability.

This report summarizes an information session held by WWF South Africa on October 18, 2017, focused on water saving and stewardship for agricultural producers in the Western Cape. It addresses the critical water scarcity facing the region, the role of producers as stewards of shared water resources, and practical technological and biological methods to improve water use efficiency and mitigate climate risks.

This technical report by the Stockholm Environment Institute Tallinn Centre, commissioned by Nordic Energy Research, analyzes the potential for Estonia to transition to a carbon-neutral power sector by 2050. It evaluates the current state of Estonia's energy system—which is heavily dependent on oil shale—and uses three quantitative models (LEAP, Balmorel, and EMPS) to simulate various low-carbon scenarios, including the impacts of electrification in transport and heating and the necessary developments in transmission grids and international interconnections.

This technical report by ECOFYS for the World Resources Institute analyzes the potential for energy efficiency and renewable energy to reduce the European Union's dependence on natural gas imports by 2030. It examines the buildings, industry, and energy supply sectors, comparing a business-as-usual scenario with the EU's 2030 framework and a more ambitious 'Energy Independence 2030' scenario.

This technical report analyzes the impact of urbanization and climate change on flooding and waterlogging in Gorakhpur, India, projecting increases in rainfall intensity by the 2050s.

The CRED v.1.4 Technical Report describes the methodology of the Climate and Regional Economics of Development (CRED) model, an integrated assessment model designed to estimate the optimal pace and distribution of global investment in emissions mitigation and climate policy costs.

The CRED V.1.3 Technical Report describes the methodology of the Climate and Regional Economics of Development (CRED) model, an integrated assessment model designed to estimate the optimal pace of climate mitigation investment and its global cost distribution. Version 1.3, completed in June 2011, focuses on the distribution of climate damages and policy costs across nine global regions to inform international climate negotiations.

This 2006 report by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines urine diversion as a sustainable sanitation alternative to help meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It details the technical, organizational, and economic aspects of separating urine from faeces to enable nutrient recycling in agriculture, drawing heavily on Swedish municipal experiences and international case studies from West Africa, China, and El Salvador.

This document is a legal application by the Centre for Environmental Rights (CER) to be admitted as amicus curiae in a High Court case between the City of Cape Town, the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA), and the Minister of Energy. The CER seeks to provide expert legal and technical submissions on the Constitutional obligations of the state and local government to protect the environment and promote a transition from coal-fired power to renewable energy. The application includes supporting affidavits and several annexed reports detailing the health, environmental, and economic impacts of coal-fired electricity generation in South Africa, as well as the feasibility of a low-carbon energy transition.

This document is an excerpt from Eskom's Air Quality Strategy (Unique Identifier: 32-1143), detailing the company's approach to ambient air quality monitoring, atmospheric dispersion modelling, stakeholder engagement, and research. It outlines specific emission targets for existing power stations, a retrofit plan to meet Minimum Emission Standards, and a strategy for coal beneficiation to reduce emissions.

This document provides a results summary of particulate emission monitor and air-to-gas flow correlations for Unit No. 1 at Duvha Power Station, based on February 2016 data. It confirms compliance with ISO 10155 and ESKOM standards and recommends the use of specific correlation functions for reporting emissions to authorities.

This technical report, prepared for the South African National Treasury by the Climate Policy Initiative and GreenCape, evaluates the international interoperability and usability of the South African Green Finance Taxonomy (SA GFT). The analysis focuses on three core pillars: Make a Substantial Contribution (MSC), Do No Significant Harm (DNSH), and Minimum Social Safeguards (MSS). While the SA GFT shows strong alignment with global standards in its environmental objectives and sectoral coverage, it faces significant challenges in the practical application and measurability of its DNSH and MSS criteria. The report recommends introducing more flexible alignment classifications, increasing the use of quantitative thresholds, and integrating existing national social regulations to enhance the taxonomy's usability and attractiveness for international investment.