Rwanda’s Climate Adaptation Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning System in the Human Settlements and Transport Sectors

The report evaluates three primary climate adaptation indicators in Rwanda: the proportion of rural populations in clustered settlements, access to water and sanitation services, and the reduction of road vulnerability to floods and landslides. It finds that while planned rural settlements have increased to 65.4% and water access has improved, significant gaps remain in sanitation coverage and road resilience. The document highlights the effectiveness of engineering solutions like gabions and terracing for road stability and the social benefits of Integrated Development Programme (IDP) model villages, while recommending increased investment in climate-resilient infrastructure and better inter-sectoral coordination.

• The proportion of rural households living in planned settlements increased from a baseline of 61.7% to 65.4% as of the 2022 fifth Rwanda Population and Housing Census (RPHC5), though the government target is 80% by 2025.
• Clustered settlements, such as the IDP model village in Kinigi, Musanze District, provide benefits including improved access to electricity, water, health posts, and schools, as well as the creation of non-agricultural income opportunities.
• Water access in Rwanda is reported between 80% and 89.2% depending on the survey, but sanitation services show significant disparities; for example, the 2019-20 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) found only 56.4% of urban households and 78% of rural households have access to unshared improved sanitation, both falling below the 2025 goal.
• A Multi-Criteria Analysis identified that 60% of road hotspots are high-risk, with the most severe vulnerabilities located in the Western, Northern, and Southern provinces.
• Engineering and biological interventions, including radical terracing, embankments, gabions, and afforestation, have been effective in reducing road vulnerability to landslides and erosion, particularly along critical corridors such as Karongi-Rutsiro-Rubavu.
• The water sector faces significant financial losses due to non-revenue-related water challenges, amounting to RWF 2 billion annually, or 42% of water loss.

APA

Tsinda, A., & Ntaganda, B. (2024). Rwanda’s Climate Adaptation Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning System in the Human Settlements and Transport Sectors. NAP Global Network. https://napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/rwanda-mel-technical-report-v4.pdf

Chicago

Tsinda, Aime, and Brenda Ntaganda. Rwanda’s Climate Adaptation Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning System in the Human Settlements and Transport Sectors. NAP Global Network, 2024. https://napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/rwanda-mel-technical-report-v4.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Tsinda |first1=Aime |last2=Ntaganda |first2=Brenda |title=Rwanda’s Climate Adaptation Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning System in the Human Settlements and Transport Sectors |publisher=NAP Global Network |date=September 2024 |url=https://napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/rwanda-mel-technical-report-v4.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{tsinda2024rwandas, author = {Tsinda, Aime and Ntaganda, Brenda}, title = {{Rwanda’s Climate Adaptation Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning System in the Human Settlements and Transport Sectors}}, institution = {NAP Global Network}, year = {2024}, month = sep, url = {https://napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/rwanda-mel-technical-report-v4.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }