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The paper presents five new consumption-based indicators for hazardous substances, utilizing a hybrid model that combines EXIOBASE with the Swedish System of Economic and Environmental Accounts. Applying these to Sweden, the study finds that the vast majority of chemicals-related pressures (76–90%) occur outside Sweden's borders, with specific pressures like pesticide use and hazardous emissions occurring primarily outside the EU.

The study finds that internal armed conflict generally leads to a net negative change in women's labour rights during and immediately after conflict. While some qualitative literature suggests conflicts can create opportunities for women's employment, this large-n analysis indicates that negative mechanisms—such as post-conflict insecurity, violence, and a return to traditional gender roles—outweigh potential gains.

The report evaluates ten climate solutions across five European countries, finding a total abatement potential of 149 Mt CO2eq by 2030, representing 13% of the region's projected emissions. Energy efficiency in buildings and industry are identified as the most cost-effective solutions, offering net savings, while onshore wind and solar power provide significant potential, particularly in the Baltic states. The study highlights that while Poland and Ukraine offer the highest absolute abatement, the relative impact is greater in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Key barriers include policies favoring fossil fuels and market uncertainty, while enablers include EU regulations and declining renewable technology costs.

The report examines why developing countries and LDCs often avoid plurilateral trade agreements (PTAs), specifically the TiSA, GPA, EGA, and ITA-II. While quantitative modelling shows small positive aggregate gains in GDP, investment, and welfare for participants, qualitative findings reveal that these are often outweighed by a desire to maintain policy space, a lack of technical capacity, and distrust of agendas set by developed nations. The report argues that the stagnation of the WTO Doha Development Round (DDR), particularly regarding agriculture and non-agricultural market access, further discourages participation.

The document analyzes two clean energy scenarios for Bangladesh: a short-term 'Clean Energy Policy 1' and a long-term 'Clean Energy Policy 2'. It finds that transitioning to clean energy can significantly reduce emissions, create thousands of jobs, and save lives by reducing air pollution, all while remaining cost-effective relative to conventional fossil fuel generation.

The document provides guidance on communicating extreme weather event attribution to different stakeholder groups in Kenya and India, focusing on phrasing for probability, frequency, intensity, and uncertainty, as well as the use of visual aids.

The Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) Index ranks 153 countries based on 11 indicators across three dimensions: inclusion (education, employment, parliamentary representation, cellphone use, and financial inclusion), justice (legal discrimination, son bias, and discriminatory norms), and security (intimate partner violence, community safety, and organized violence). Iceland ranks first (.886), while Afghanistan and Syria rank last (.385). The report finds that while some countries perform well across all dimensions, many exhibit unbalanced achievements; for example, Latin America performs well on justice but poorly on inclusion. The index also highlights a disconnect between national income and women's well-being, noting that countries like Saudi Arabia rank significantly lower on the index than their per capita income would suggest. Additionally, the report analyzes the specific impact of conflict on security, noting that women in conflict-affected states face a 35 percent higher risk of intimate partner violence.

The report finds that development finance for energy access is poorly targeted and inefficiently disbursed, with a significant gap between financial commitments and actual on-the-ground implementation, particularly in high-impact countries.

The report uses photochemical modeling to compare a 2025 'Baseline' scenario with a 'Zero-Oil&Gas' scenario to quantify the contribution of the oil and gas sector to ozone concentrations and associated health burdens across the continental United States.

The paper examines the dynamics of intra-Commonwealth value chains, noting that trade is dominated by mineral fuels, machinery, and manufactured goods. It highlights that while larger markets rely more on domestic intermediates, Small Island Developing States show a higher propensity to export to other Commonwealth members. The findings suggest that firms with at least 10% foreign ownership are more likely to export and that customs regulations are less of a barrier for intra-Commonwealth trade.

The document presents findings from a study of scientists at the University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU) and the Basic and Excellence Research Centres (BERC) network. It finds that scientists primarily view science communication as a social responsibility and duty, with a strong preference for face-to-face interactions. The study highlights that scientists believe the success of communication depends on the benefit to the audience and is largely within the speaker's control through adaptability and preparation. The authors suggest that these scientists already embody many of the goals of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), though they note that real-world constraints like time and resources may impact these ideals.

The study estimated that the La Vieja river basin receives approximately 15 tons of pollutant load per day, primarily from domestic sources. By integrating WEAP and QUAL2K tools, the project modeled 12 tributary sources and identified six sub-basins responsible for 96% of the pollutant load. The analysis included a participatory XLRM process to identify 14 uncertainties and 10 management strategies, while incorporating 30 climate change scenarios for the 2010-2050 period to support institutional decision-making.

The report details how Americans integrate environmental considerations into their purchasing habits and civic engagement. A majority of consumers express intent to buy energy-efficient home appliances and locally grown food, while a smaller percentage engage in active civic behaviors such as signing petitions or donating to climate-related causes.

The study estimates that Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia face a potential US$596 million cost to maintain and repair road infrastructure due to climate-driven temperature and precipitation changes by 2050.

The report uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate two scenarios: a reduction in global beef consumption and a combined scenario of reduced beef and increased poultry/pork consumption. The findings indicate that reducing beef consumption leads to significant declines in cattle production and pasture land, particularly in the US, Latin America, and Australia. In the US, a beef-only reduction would decrease cereal grain acreage by 4% (3.5 million acres) and pasture land by 16% (100 million acres). The combined scenario shows that while beef production falls, poultry production increases significantly in regions like India (166%) and the US (36%), with global pasture land reductions totaling millions of acres across several regions.

A survey of 2,034 American adults found an average annual willingness-to-pay (WTP) of $79 to $89 to reduce domestic greenhouse-gas emissions by 17 percent by 2020. The study found that mean WTP does not vary significantly between cap-and-trade, carbon taxes, or GHG regulations, although sociodemographic factors and beliefs about global warming influence individual WTP levels.

The research proposes a valuation approach for wind farms that combines a trinomial lattice to model mean-reverting electricity prices with Monte Carlo simulations to account for intermittent wind generation. Using UK data, the authors compare various support mechanisms, including feed-in tariffs, market premiums, and initial capital subsidies. The findings indicate that the option to delay investment significantly increases project value, and that one-time initial subsidies are more effective at triggering immediate investment than long-term premiums per unit of electricity produced.

The document uses the POLES energy system model to assess how varying levels of economic growth and convergence between developed and developing nations affect the cost of climate stabilisation. It finds that limiting warming to 2°C is technically feasible and economically viable across all tested scenarios, with global abatement costs remaining below 2% of GDP by 2050. While modest growth makes stabilisation more likely, high convergence increases the absolute and relative economic burden on developing countries and increases reliance on future technologies like Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).

The research examines the intersection of water scarcity, climate change, and socioeconomic barriers in rural semiarid South Africa, finding that decreasing agro-ecosystem productivity and low household and institutional capacity hinder effective adaptation.

The report finds that Oregon's consumption-based emissions footprint in 2005 was 78 million metric tons of CO2e, which is 47 percent greater than the emissions released within state boundaries. The largest contributors to these emissions are personal vehicles, appliances, and food and beverages, which together account for half of the total impact. The analysis highlights that a significant portion of Oregon's emissions (54%) are released outside the state due to international and national supply chains. The authors recommend that Oregon adopt regular consumption-based inventories and set specific emissions-reduction targets for consumption to maximize global climate benefits.