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The report assesses the integration of GESI into Rwanda's mining adaptation strategies, identifying a gap between high-level policy commitments and the lack of disaggregated data in implementation. While Rwanda has set targets for climate-compatible practices and site rehabilitation, current monitoring fails to track the participation of women, youth, and persons with disabilities. The report recommends mandatory disaggregated reporting, participatory community mapping via GIS, and the creation of an Inclusive Adaptation Scorecard.

The report explores how traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of the iTaukei people in Fiji serves as a cost-effective tool for climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction. It details specific TEK applications, such as traditional building techniques, food preservation, and natural early warning systems based on animal and plant behavior. The document also discusses the importance of traditional governance and spirituality in resilience and outlines current government efforts to revitalize and preserve this knowledge.

The Ministry of Environment in Rwanda has established a climate adaptation monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) system to track resilience in the human settlement and transport sectors. While Rwanda's updated adaptation NDC identifies seven key indicators for these sectors, this specific assessment focuses on three primary indicators: the percentage of the rural population in clustered settlements, access to water and sanitation services, and the reduction in the length of roads vulnerable to landslides and floods. The assessment utilized a combination of literature reviews, interviews, and field visits to gather empirical and qualitative data on adaptation benefits and challenges.

The report evaluates three primary climate adaptation indicators in Rwanda: the proportion of rural populations in clustered settlements, access to water and sanitation services, and the reduction of road vulnerability to floods and landslides. It finds that while planned rural settlements have increased to 65.4% and water access has improved, significant gaps remain in sanitation coverage and road resilience. The document highlights the effectiveness of engineering solutions like gabions and terracing for road stability and the social benefits of Integrated Development Programme (IDP) model villages, while recommending increased investment in climate-resilient infrastructure and better inter-sectoral coordination.

The report argues that climate and biodiversity crises disproportionately affect marginalized groups and that nature-based solutions (NbS) must integrate gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) to be effective. It outlines three core components of GESI in NbS: recognizing differences in needs and capacities, facilitating equitable participation in decision-making, and promoting the fair distribution of benefits. The document provides a five-step implementation cycle—system understanding, risk assessment, option identification, implementation, and monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL)—supported by case studies from Vietnam, Cuba, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Bolivia.

The report argues that climate and biodiversity crises disproportionately affect marginalized populations and that NbS must be gender-responsive to be effective. It proposes a framework based on three foundational elements: recognizing differences in needs and capacities, facilitating equitable participation in decision-making, and promoting an equitable distribution of benefits. The document outlines a five-step project cycle—understanding the system, risk assessment, identifying options, implementation, and monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL)—to mainstream GESI, supported by case studies from Vietnam, Cuba, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Bolivia.

The report examines the 'blue corridors' of the Eastern Pacific Ocean, from the Bering Strait to the Antarctic Peninsula, highlighting how these migratory routes are essential for whale survival and ocean health. It details cumulative threats including ship strikes, fisheries bycatch, ghost gear, underwater noise, and climate change. The document advocates for the implementation of connected networks of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) to meet the global 30x30 target, while proposing specific regional initiatives like the Eastern Tropical Pacific Marine Corridor (CMAR) and the Global Oceans Treaty (BBNJ) to protect whales in international waters.

The report details the creation of an open-source groundwater monitoring dashboard (groundwaterinfo.africa) for the Table Mountain Water Source Area. It outlines the transition to the Lizmap web client, the use of a PostgreSQL database to store regional groundwater and rainfall data, and the implementation of two user interfaces: a 'Quick view' for the general public and a 'Deep dive' for scientists. The document emphasizes the necessity of regular data updates from entities like the City of Cape Town and the Department of Water and Sanitation to ensure the dashboard's long-term sustainability.

The document describes the technical framework of WeatherPower v3.4, which uses a 0.05° grid of wind speed and solar irradiance data from MESO to estimate electricity generation. It details the integration of utility-scale and residential solar data (from EIA860, Tracking the Sun, and Project Sunroof) and wind turbine data (from USWTDB). The tool calculates primary metrics like electricity generated and indices (SPI and WPI), as well as comparative metrics such as CO2 emissions avoided and equivalent homes powered. A validation exercise using ERCOT data indicates that wind generation estimates are reasonably accurate, though on average about 10% higher than reported data.

The document critiques 'net zero' targets as a form of 'greenwashing' that allows continued greenhouse gas emissions by relying on unproven future technologies and carbon offsets. It argues that these targets often shift the burden of carbon sequestration to the Global South, facilitating 'carbon colonialism'. The authors call for 'Real Zero' targets, which require immediate, absolute reductions in emissions, particularly from developed nations, and the implementation of systemic solutions in energy, agriculture, and transport.

The report describes the technical framework of WeatherPower v3.0, which uses a 0.05° grid of weather data (wind speed and solar irradiance) and installed capacity data to estimate electricity generation for 'Yesterday', 'Today', and 'Tomorrow'. It outlines the data sources for utility and residential solar and wind capacities, the mathematical power curves used to calculate generation, and the reporting metrics used to contextualize the results, such as CO2 emissions avoided and equivalent homes powered. The document also includes a validation study comparing its wind generation estimates against actual data from the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT).

The document details how authoritative climate data from the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS) is integrated into the SAVi Buildings model. It provides a literature review on climate impacts on buildings—covering energy demand, rainwater harvesting, and climate hazards—and explains the methodology for translating this data into performance indicators. Simulation results demonstrate that using CDS climate data significantly alters projections compared to 'no climate' scenarios, specifically showing a 23-fold increase in forecasted rainwater harvesting yields and a reduction in projected energy expenditures for heating and cooling.

The report outlines the design and operationalization of a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for Grenada's National Adaptation Plan (NAP). It identifies gaps in current data management—such as reliance on anecdotal knowledge and fragmented storage—and proposes a system to track goal achievement, implementation of Programmes of Action, and vulnerability reduction. The document recommends appointing a NAP M&E Coordinator and consolidating NAP indicators with the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP) outcomes to ensure a coherent approach to climate resilience.

The report details the development and application of the Small-Scale Irrigation Mapping (SSIM) tool in Burkina Faso, designed to capture irrigation on areas smaller than one hectare. This high-resolution approach, utilizing 30-m Landsat 8 imagery and ground truthing, addresses the limitations of previous maps (250m to 1km resolution) and serves to validate the Targeting Agricultural Water Management Interventions (TAGMI) decision-support tool.

This report summarizes an information session held by WWF South Africa on October 18, 2017, focused on water saving and stewardship for agricultural producers in the Western Cape. It addresses the critical water scarcity facing the region, the role of producers as stewards of shared water resources, and practical technological and biological methods to improve water use efficiency and mitigate climate risks.

The 'Ríos del Páramo al Valle' project (2012-2015) focused on enhancing the adaptive capacity of Colombia's regional environmental authorities (CAR) in managing water resources under climate uncertainty. By implementing the Robust Decision Support (ADR) framework and the WEAP modeling system, the project provided technical tools and capacity building across several key basins: the Otún, La Vieja, Alto Magdalena, and the broader Magdalena-Cauca macro-basin. Key outcomes include the identification of basin-specific adaptation strategies—such as páramo conservation in the Otún and wastewater treatment in La Vieja—and the development of new WEAP functionalities to model floodplain dynamics and hydrological alteration. The project emphasized a gender-inclusive approach and the creation of a regional community of practice involving universities and government agencies like IDEAM to ensure the long-term sustainability of climate-informed water planning in Colombia.

The report evaluates water consumption in peach and plum orchards in the Western Cape, finding that while South African farmers are significantly more water-efficient than global averages, local improvements are possible through better irrigation scheduling and the adoption of drip irrigation over micro-sprinklers. It also details a pilot project testing the AWS standard across nine farms, identifying drought, social risks (theft), and regulation as primary concerns for farmers, and recommending the alignment of the AWS standard with other agricultural certifications like GlobalGAP.

The report analyzes how the EU 28 can decrease its reliance on natural gas imports through cost-effective energy efficiency and renewable energy deployment across the buildings, industry, and energy supply sectors. It argues that these measures can reduce the share of natural gas in primary energy demand to 16% by 2030, significantly outperforming the European Commission's proposed 2030 framework.

The report examines how the combination of rapid urbanization and climate change is increasing flood risks in Gorakhpur. It highlights that the loss of water bodies and construction in the floodplains of the Rapti and Rohini rivers have reduced drainage capacity. Projections indicate that climate change will increase the intensity of rainfall events by the 2050s, potentially increasing the intensity of small rain events by 10 to 20% and more severe 24-hour events by 2 to 25%.

The CRED v.1.4 technical report details an integrated assessment model designed to optimize the pace and distribution of emissions mitigation investments across 16 global regions. The model utilizes a Cobb-Douglas production function that accounts for the productivity of 'green capital' and employs a vulnerability index to apportion global climate damages. Key updates in version 1.4 include a 2010 base year, expanded regional disaggregation, and a climate module recalibrated to match the MAGICC5.3 model. The model's optimization process maximizes a global utility function based on regional per capita consumption, with an optional feature to calculate the social cost of carbon.