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This report provides an overview of climate risks, vulnerable sectors, and adaptation initiatives in Nepal at national, sub-national, and local levels, highlighting the country's leadership in country-driven adaptation planning.

This report provides an overview of climate risks, vulnerable sectors, and adaptation policies in Tajikistan, highlighting the country's high sensitivity to climate change and the government's efforts to enhance institutional capacity through the Strategic Program for Climate Resilience.

This report provides a primer for policy makers on the roles and responsibilities of local, national, and international governance in enabling cities to lead climate change mitigation and adaptation. It emphasizes the critical role of urban areas, which emit over 70% of global emissions, and outlines financial instruments and planning steps necessary for a low-carbon and climate-resilient urban transformation.

This report by the Climate Bonds Initiative examines the potential for a green bond market in Mexico to support its transition to a low-carbon economy. While the existing climate-aligned bond market is small, the document identifies significant investment needs across energy, transport, buildings, and water sectors, and suggests that Mexico's stable macroeconomic environment and growing institutional investor interest provide a strong foundation for future green issuance.

This report reviews the State Disaster Management Plans (SDMPs) of five Indian states—Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Odisha, and Uttarakhand—to evaluate their effectiveness in disaster risk reduction, financing, vulnerability assessment, and alignment with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.

The Centre for Environmental Rights (CER), acting on behalf of several environmental justice organisations, submitted preliminary comments on South Africa's Draft National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Reporting Regulations. The submission argues that the draft regulations place an inappropriate burden on data providers to calculate their own emissions and lacks sufficient transparency and public disclosure mechanisms, which are necessary to meet South Africa's commitments under the Paris Agreement and its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).

This working paper documents Ethiopia's experience in planning for a climate-resilient green economy between 2013 and 2016. It details the governance structures, strategic frameworks, and financial mechanisms Ethiopia has implemented to integrate climate resilience into its national development plans, while identifying key barriers such as the need for further human capital development and regional capacity strengthening.

The Centre for Environmental Rights (CER), on behalf of Earthlife Africa Johannesburg, provides recommendations to improve the scope of the Climate Change Impact Assessment (CCIA) and Palaeontological Impact Assessment Report (PIAR) for the proposed 1200MW Thabametsi coal-fired power station near Lephalale, Limpopo. The CER argues that the current scoping report is too narrow and fails to align with international best practices or South Africa's climate commitments under the Paris Agreement and its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC).

This research paper reviews the current state of car labeling schemes in the European Union and proposes improvements to enhance consumer information regarding fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.

This policy brief examines the role of gender-sensitive approaches in climate compatible development within urban Kenya, specifically focusing on the 'People's Plans into Practice (PPP)' project in Kisumu from 2008 to 2013. It explores how integrating gender dimensions can improve development outcomes, the barriers to such integration, and provides recommendations for policy-makers at national, county, and city levels.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) examines the challenges of measuring and understanding public violence in South Africa. It critiques existing data sources, such as the South African Police Service (SAPS) IRIS system, and presents preliminary findings from the ISS's own Public Violence Monitoring project (2013-2015). The paper explores the drivers of collective violence, including socio-economic inequality and government unresponsiveness, and analyzes the roles of local government, community leadership, and the police in escalating or mitigating public disorder.

The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) provides a set of recommendations to the World Bank regarding the Second Draft of its Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). CIEL expresses concern over a shift from compliance-based standards to 'adaptive risk management,' arguing that this reduces the Bank's accountability and may jeopardize the rights of project-affected communities. The document outlines specific improvements needed in areas such as human rights commitments, chemicals management, climate change quantification, and the effectiveness of grievance mechanisms.

This briefing, presented at Stanford University on March 9, 2016, provides a historical analysis of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) attempts to site nuclear waste repositories and storage facilities. The author argues that the DOE has a history of failing to keep promises and ignoring 'non-consent,' leading to a pattern of litigation and failure in establishing long-term high-level waste (HLW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) solutions.

This briefing paper by the NewClimate Institute analyzes the conditionality of the 156 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted to the UNFCCC by the end of COP 21 in December 2015.

This issues paper examines opportunities for climate change adaptation in Zimbabwe's water resources sector to inform the National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS). It highlights the critical dependence of agriculture, power production, and mining on water availability and uses models to estimate potential impacts for 2050 and 2080.

This policy brief details the Obama Administration's fiscal year (FY) 2017 federal budget proposal, focusing on investments in clean energy, sustainable transportation, energy-efficient buildings, and climate action. The proposal emphasizes doubling clean energy research and development by 2021 and introduces a crude oil tax to fund transportation sustainability.

This report analyzes the subsidies provided by the United Kingdom government for the Hinkley Point C nuclear power project. It argues that the combination of price guarantees, loan guarantees, and capped liabilities creates significant financial risk for the public, with total costs that are difficult to estimate due to long-term uncertainties in energy prices and the history of nuclear cost overruns.

This fact sheet provides a comprehensive overview of the global offshore wind energy sector as of early 2016, contrasting the established European market with the emerging industry in the United States. It details the technical advantages of offshore wind over onshore wind, current installation capacities, key market players, and the economic and environmental impacts of the transition.

This report describes the 'future proofing' approach applied to Madurai, India, to enhance urban resilience against climate change. It details the city's environmental vulnerabilities, the role of the Madurai Corporation and various stakeholders in sustainable planning, and the implementation of blue-green infrastructure to manage water resources and urban growth.

The 'GREEN FINANCE: GREEN BOND DIRECTIONS COP22 Highlights' report by the Climate Bonds Initiative details the rapid growth of the green bond market in 2016, emphasizing its role in funding climate mitigation and adaptation to meet Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It highlights the shift toward private sector issuance, the emergence of China as a dominant market, and the necessity of reaching USD 1 trillion in annual issuance by 2020 to substantively address climate change.