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This research paper by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute examines how the United States can reduce its heavy reliance on critical mineral imports through circular economy strategies, specifically focusing on recycling and secondary recovery from waste streams like acid mine drainage and phosphate fertilizer byproducts.

The Alliance for Rural Electrification (ARE) has published the Circularity Guidelines on end-of-life battery management to establish minimum standards for renewable energy companies operating in low- and middle-income countries. The guidelines aim to prevent the public health and environmental risks associated with substandard recycling, particularly for lead-acid batteries, by promoting durability, repair, take-back schemes, and certified recycling practices.