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This research paper examines the complex relationship between democracy and economic growth, specifically focusing on the African context. It distinguishes between 'substantive' (liberal, constitutional) democracy and 'procedural' democracy, arguing that while the former correlates with long-term growth and stability, the latter often fails to improve governance or development in low-income countries.

This research paper provides an introductory overview of Sudan's development potential and the systemic barriers that have hindered its progress. It details the country's geographical advantages, natural resource endowments, and a history of political instability and conflict, culminating in the current civil war between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces.

This introductory report provides a historical and socioeconomic overview of Nigeria, detailing its transition from an agricultural exporter to an oil-dependent economy, its volatile political history between military and civilian rule, and the current challenges and reforms under the administration of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu.

This research paper provides a background analysis of Rwanda's development trajectory, focusing on its strategic goals under Vision 2050, economic performance, and structural challenges. It details the country's transition from a low-income status toward aspirations of high-income status by 2050, while examining the impact of COVID-19, inflation, and the prevalence of the informal sector.

This research paper compares a 'Combined scenario'—integrating eight sectoral improvements—against a 'Current Path' forecast and the targets of Rwanda's Vision 2050. The analysis projects significant economic growth, poverty reduction, and health improvements under the Combined scenario, though it notes a trade-off with increased carbon emissions and a failure to meet specific inequality targets.

This research paper presents the 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' for Sierra Leone, integrating 11 sectoral scenarios to forecast economic and social development by 2043. The scenario projects significant increases in GDP per capita and a substantial reduction in poverty compared to a 'Current Path' forecast, though it also predicts higher carbon emissions.

This introductory report provides an overview of Niger's geographic, political, and socio-economic landscape, detailing its transition from a democratic state to a military-led government following a coup in July 2023. It highlights the country's reliance on natural resources, its vulnerability to climate change, and its recent strategic shift away from Western security partnerships toward new regional alliances and partners such as Russia and China.

This research paper outlines a 'Governance scenario' for Africa, modeling the potential socio-economic impacts of improvements in stability, government capacity, and inclusion by 2043. It specifically examines how digital technology can enable direct cash transfer programs to replace inefficient subsidies and forecasts significant gains in GDP and poverty reduction across the continent.

This research paper examines government capacity in Africa, primarily through the lens of tax-to-GDP ratios and the effective use of revenues. It highlights that African countries generally exhibit lower government capacity compared to other global regions, with significant unmet tax potential and challenges related to corruption and neo-patrimonialism, particularly in larger states.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes a 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' for Togo, forecasting economic, social, and environmental outcomes by 2043. The scenario integrates 11 sectoral improvements to project significant increases in GDP per capita and poverty reduction, while noting a corresponding increase in carbon emissions compared to a 'Current Path' forecast.

This report provides a scenario-based analysis of South Sudan's development trajectory from 2023 to 2043, comparing a 'Current Path' baseline with a 'Combined' scenario of integrated reforms across governance, education, health, agriculture, and infrastructure.

This report analyzes the 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' for the Republic of the Congo, which integrates 11 sectoral scenarios to forecast economic growth, poverty reduction, and economic diversification by 2043 compared to a 'Current Path' forecast.

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This research paper analyzes the 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' for São Tomé and Príncipe, integrating 11 sectoral scenarios to forecast economic and social outcomes by 2043. The analysis compares this integrated approach against a 'Current Path' forecast, highlighting significant gains in GDP and poverty reduction, alongside an increase in carbon emissions.

This introductory research paper provides a geographic, economic, and political overview of Senegal, detailing its status as a lower-middle-income country in West Africa with a history of peaceful political transitions and significant mineral wealth.

A briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics detailing Japan's role as a major trader of US liquified natural gas (LNG) to other countries, particularly in Asia, and the associated lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions.

This report analyzes the evolving public debt landscape in Africa, highlighting a shift from concessional multilateral lending to a fragmented creditor base including private bondholders and non-Paris Club creditors. It argues that while not a continent-wide insolvency crisis, the combination of high debt-service burdens, institutional weaknesses, and climate-related fiscal shocks has created a fragile environment requiring systemic reform beyond simple debt-to-GDP metrics.

The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) argues that the 11th Our Ocean Conference in Mombasa, Kenya, must address the root cause of ocean degradation by confronting the expansion of offshore oil and gas and rejecting speculative marine geoengineering technologies.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute describes the role of cobalt as a critical mineral for the clean energy transition, detailing its applications in lithium-ion batteries, global distribution of reserves and production, and the significant human rights and environmental impacts associated with its extraction, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

This report by Ember analyzes the economic impact of the 2026 Hormuz crisis on Türkiye, detailing how the country's high dependence on imported fossil fuels leads to significant increases in its energy import bill. It argues that accelerating clean electrification in transport and buildings is the most effective way to permanently reduce these structural economic risks.