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The report outlines a project with two primary goals: analyzing the Paris Agreement's Article 6 market mechanism provisions to inform the development of the agreement's rulebook, and evaluating the readiness of three specific countries—Ukraine, Vietnam, and Ethiopia—to participate in these market mechanisms.

The research assesses offsetting schemes, emissions trading schemes (ETS), and climate levies against four criteria: effectiveness, non-discrimination (NMFT), common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR-RC), and administrative burden. The authors conclude that a climate levy is the most suitable instrument because it provides the highest investment certainty for ship owners, has lower transaction costs than trading schemes, and allows for revenue redistribution to support impacted states. The paper urges the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to adopt a robust carbon price quickly due to the long lifespan of ships currently being built.

The analysis finds that Germany's current climate targets, including the Climate Mitigation Plan 2050, are insufficient to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C, potentially resulting in 20% to 130% more emissions by mid-century than allowed. To be unambiguously compatible with the 1.5°C limit and fulfill its historical responsibility, the document argues Germany must reach zero emissions by 2030. It further notes that failing to meet the original -40% target for 2020 has already consumed 10% of Germany's 1.5°C budget for 2010-2050, necessitating steeper future reductions.

The analysis finds that Germany's current climate targets are incompatible with the 1.5°C limit, potentially leading to 20% to 130% more emissions than allowed by mid-century. To be indisputably compatible and meet its global responsibility, the report argues Germany must reduce emissions to zero by 2030. It further notes that failing to meet the 2020 target of a 40% reduction has already consumed approximately 10% of Germany's 1.5°C budget for 2010-2050, necessitating a steeper future reduction path.

The document estimates that failing to meet 2030 transport sector emission targets could cost Germany between 3 and 36 billion euros, primarily through the purchase of emission rights from other EU member states.

The document advocates for Poland to adopt climate finance tracking methodologies, similar to those used in France and Germany, to manage the large-scale investment needs required for Paris-compatible development and to redirect financial flows toward sustainable solutions.

The policy brief identifies 24 key actions to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, noting that implementing 19 specific 'On Track' and 'Scale Up' actions can align the world with a pathway to hold warming below 2°C. Full implementation of all 24 actions, including five 'Need Focus' aggressive measures, could reduce annual global emissions by 19 gigatonnes per year by 2030.

The study finds that while most G20 members are implementing climate policies, only six are projected to meet their unconditional NDC targets with current measures, while eight require further action.

The Climate Action Tracker reports that global warming projections remain largely unchanged, with Paris Agreement commitments likely leading to 3.0°C of warming and real-world policies leading to 3.3°C. While some countries like Norway, Costa Rica, Chile, India, and South Africa show progress in decarbonisation and energy planning, others like China and Brazil show regressions in coal use and forest protection.

The Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2019 assesses the climate performance of 56 countries and the EU to inform the revision of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by 2020. The index evaluates progress across four categories: GHG Emissions, Renewable Energy, Energy Use, and climate policy, specifically measuring compatibility with the Paris Agreement's goals of limiting warming to 1.5°C or well below 2°C.

The NDC Update Report November 2018 examines the 'Ambition' of governments in implementing the Paris Agreement. Based on a survey of 92 policymakers and experts, the report finds that while confidence in initial NDC implementation is high, there is a critical lack of long-term strategic planning. It argues that focusing solely on first-round NDCs is insufficient, as the Paris Agreement requires a transition to net zero emissions. The report advocates for a 'whole of government' approach and the development of long-term visions to guide sector transformation, financial shifts from 'brown to green' investments, and more ambitious second-round pledges in 2020.

The document argues for a shift from simply mobilizing 'climate finance' to ensuring all investments are 'Paris-aligned', meaning they actively support limiting global warming to well below 2°C. It compares MDB eligibility typologies against a framework of 'aligned', 'misaligned', and 'conditional' investments. Analysis of energy and transport sectors shows that while about half of MDB typologies are aligned, two-thirds of the remainder are only conditionally aligned, necessitating stricter benchmarks and fuel-specific criteria to avoid carbon lock-in.

The document asserts that the current 'Climate Finance Paradigm' used by Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)—which focuses on maximizing finance for mitigation and adaptation—is insufficient. It proposes a 'Paris Alignment Paradigm' that requires MDBs to align their entire portfolios with the Paris Agreement, mainstream adaptation across all operations, and assist countries in strengthening their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The report emphasizes that MDBs and shareholders should commit to a zero-emissions energy sector and overall net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, working with clients to find renewable alternatives to emission-intensive activities.

The report finds that 16 of the 25 analyzed major emitting countries and regions are not on track to meet their self-determined NDC targets. While some countries like China and India are likely to achieve their targets, others, including the United States and Japan, require additional measures. Furthermore, current policies are projected to fail in preventing emissions increases up to 2030 relative to 2010 levels in a majority of the analyzed nations, including both developing and OECD economies.

The Allianz Climate and Energy Monitor 2018 evaluates G20 nations on their investment attractiveness for renewable energy and their long-term decarbonization strategies. France is ranked as the most attractive destination, while Russia ranks last. The report finds that most G20 countries lack binding long-term strategies and sufficient renewable energy targets to meet the Paris Agreement goals, although some previous stragglers like Saudi Arabia and Turkey are improving their policy environments.

The report argues that the Northern Territory Government must implement an evidence-based climate policy, including a net zero emissions target by 2050 and a comprehensive adaptation strategy, while engaging all sectors to achieve a people-centred low-carbon transition using existing technology and expertise.

The report evaluates mechanisms to ensure that international carbon market credits under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement result in a net reduction of global emissions. It identifies 'automatic cancellation' and 'discounting' as the only options that meet the necessary criteria for overall mitigation, recommending 'automatic cancellation' due to its ease of implementation and precedent in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Analysis of 18 scenarios suggests that while costs for credit buyers may increase, the overall mitigation principle provides various benefits for transferring countries across a broad range of rates.

The report finds that G20 countries are not on track to meet Paris Agreement goals, with energy-related CO2 emissions increasing again in 2017 and 82% of energy supply still coming from fossil fuels. It highlights significant gaps in sectoral actions—particularly in power, transport, and industry—and notes that fossil fuel subsidies in the G20 nearly doubled between 2007 and 2016. While some countries are implementing 'just transition' initiatives for workers, others lack dialogue or action.

The document argues that the Adaptation Fund is a unique and essential part of the international climate finance architecture that requires improved operating modalities to enhance climate resilience. It specifically highlights the insufficiency of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as a funding source and recommends exploring links to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement alongside diverse new revenue streams like national ETSs and carbon taxes.

The document examines the role of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) in supporting the Paris Agreement's temperature goals. It reviews scientific scenarios and existing MDB tools to propose approaches for aligning portfolios, specifically targeting direct project investments, financial intermediaries, and policy-based lending within the energy supply and transport sectors.