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The study focuses on evaluating and costing climate change adaptation measures for coffee and banana farming systems in Rwanda. It aligns with the Rwandan Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS) 2008-2012, which prioritizes addressing climate change impacts through secure settlements in hazard-exposed areas and the implementation of early warning systems for drought and food security. The research analyzes climate-related shocks from the perspectives of both farmers and policymakers and discusses strategies for implementation.

The Government of Rwanda implemented watershed restoration in the Rugezi-Bulera-Ruhondo area to protect hydroelectric generation capacity against future climate-driven precipitation changes. To mitigate the loss of resource access for rural households caused by bans on drainage, agriculture, and pastoral activities, the government introduced agricultural and watershed management measures to ensure long-term livelihood sustainability.

This synthesis paper, prepared for the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN), examines the intersection of agriculture, food security, and climate-compatible development (CCD) through case studies in Kenya, Bangladesh, and Honduras. It identifies systemic barriers to integrating climate adaptation and mitigation within agricultural sectors and provides global recommendations for policymakers and the international community to support small-scale farmers in developing countries.

The report identifies systemic institutional, financial, and technical barriers to climate-compatible agriculture in Kenya, Bangladesh, and Honduras, emphasizing the need for an integrated approach to adaptation and mitigation.

The document describes the need for a transformational change in how CARICOM countries approach climate resilience, advocating for the integration of risk management into national planning and policy. It highlights the failures of previous guidelines and proposes a new process involving pilot projects in up to five countries, the 'three ones' principle for coordination, and the use of 'stress-tests' for budget approvals to ensure climate resilience is built into sustainable development.

The document examines Grenada's transition from fragmented, project-by-project climate actions to a comprehensive national strategy called the Strategic Program for Climate Resilience (SPCR). Funded by the Pilot Program for Climate Change Resilience (PPCR) and Climate Investment Funds (CIFs), the SPCR prioritizes climate resilience over emission reductions due to Grenada's high vulnerability and low global emissions. Key initiatives include the Disaster Vulnerability and Climate Risk Reduction Project and the Forest Rehabilitation Project, alongside technical assistance for water and coastal management. The brief highlights the importance of participatory design, regional synergies within the Caribbean, and the necessity of multilateral finance to address projected sea-level rise costs that could reach $801 million by 2050.

The document examines how Cape Town and eThekwini integrated climate change into their statutory Integrated Development Plans (IDPs), highlighting that prior climate initiatives, political leadership, and research were critical for success. While IDPs are essential for resource allocation and strategic focus, the brief argues that mainstreaming alone is insufficient and must be supported by sectoral plans, by-laws, and capacity building.

The South African Renewables Initiative (SARi) aims to establish financing arrangements to enable a critical mass of renewable energy in South Africa, targeting 19 GW by 2030. The primary challenge is the higher financial cost of renewables compared to coal, which has historically been subsidized. To address this, SARi proposes a mix of concessional loans, risk insurance, and guarantees to leverage private investment. The initiative also emphasizes an industrial strategy to create local jobs and reduce the carbon intensity of exports.

The document examines Viet Nam's efforts to create a transparent and equitable benefit distribution system for the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) scheme. It highlights the transition from fixed payments to performance-based models and the importance of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) for indigenous and local communities. Key challenges include legal contradictions regarding the status of village communities and uncertainties over carbon rights.

The report is a joint product of the Southern Voices capacity building programme, incorporating experiences from over 20 climate networks and their member organisations. It provides case studies and policy analyses regarding civil society advocacy on climate change across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific to share lessons and recommendations for advocates.

The handbook examines climate change impacts in southern Africa, noting that surface temperatures are projected to rise throughout the 21st century. It argues that some global temperature increases are linked to human influence and recommends integrating climate risk and adaptation measures into development planning, creating new coordination mechanisms for disaster risk reduction, and establishing inclusive institutional frameworks for stakeholder participation.

The document highlights a 200% increase in inflation-adjusted global average economic disaster losses over the last 25 years, noting that 2011 was the costliest year on record with US$380 billion in losses. It argues that these losses, driven by increased exposure of assets and people to hazards, threaten macroeconomic outlooks in low and middle-income countries. To mitigate this, the author advocates for embedding disaster risk measures into national budgets, land-use planning, and infrastructure investments based on national risk atlases and disaster risk assessments.

The document examines Indonesia's 2011 forest moratorium as a tool to meet greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and a catalyst for governance reform.

The document highlights that global economic disaster losses rose by 200% over 25 years, with losses from weather-related disasters doubling every 12 years. It argues that ex-post relief is unsustainable and advocates for ex-ante risk reduction through comprehensive risk assessments, fiscal planning, and sector-level mainstreaming. Key tools discussed include the CAPRA GIS platform and the CATSIM model for evaluating fiscal vulnerability. The guide emphasizes that while risk financing (insurance and reserve funds) is useful, it must be paired with land-use planning and building codes to effectively reduce exposure.

The document lists seven priority projects under Rwanda's National Action Plan for Adaptation (NAPA), focusing on land conservation, early warning systems, irrigation, water storage, improving infrastructure in grouped settlements, food and health distribution, and strategies to substitute woody combustibles to prevent deforestation.

The paper examines disaster risk reduction (DRR) in Zimbabwe through a livelihood-centred lens, analyzing how financial, natural, physical, human, and social assets influence vulnerability. It argues that traditional coping strategies are being undermined by increasing pressures, including climate change, and concludes that DRR must be integrated into all long-term sustainable development activities.

The document analyzes the role of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) nations in achieving the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action at COP17 and provides recommendations for the region to maintain high ambition in climate negotiations leading up to 2015. It emphasizes the need for LAC countries to coordinate with Africa and Asia, improve communication of low-carbon successes, and link climate resilience to national interests such as food security and trade.

Tanzania has implemented the Small Power Projects (SPP) programme to scale up decentralized renewable energy and reduce dependence on drought-prone hydropower and expensive fossil fuels. The programme uses an avoided-cost-based feed-in tariff (FIT) to attract private investment without increasing costs for the national utility, TANESCO. While five plants (28.3 MW) are operational and ten more are planned, growth is hindered by low tariffs, high financing costs, and technical skepticism. The brief highlights the importance of South-South exchanges with Thailand and Sri Lanka in developing the regulatory framework and suggests that transitioning to technology-based tariffs, supported by international climate finance, is necessary for broader deployment of solar and wind energy.

The document examines the 2011 Indonesian forest moratorium, highlighting its role in improving data transparency through the Indicative Moratorium Map and the necessity of private sector buy-in. It identifies critical challenges in monitoring, enforcement, and vertical coordination between national and local governments, while suggesting that the moratorium period be used to reform licensing and spatial planning to balance economic growth with climate goals.

The report defines climate finance readiness as the capacity of countries to manage international and domestic climate finance to support national development and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It proposes a framework consisting of four main components: financial planning, accessing finance, delivering finance through project implementation, and monitoring, reporting, and verifying (MRV). The framework provides detailed requirements for these areas, such as identifying funding sources for planning and preparing greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories for mitigation MRV, while offering tools to assist decision-makers in developing countries.