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The document highlights the disproportionate risk extreme heat poses to the global workforce, noting that over 70% of workers are at risk and 19,000 die annually. In the US, outdoor workers—primarily Black and Latino—face a death rate 35 times higher than the general population, yet 43 states lack comprehensive heat standards and federal rules have stalled. The guide suggests investigating local heat action plans and interviewing affected workers, while referencing specific risks like chronic kidney disease in India and the use of wet bulb temperature for monitoring.

Japan has become a major global LNG trader, significantly increasing its resales of US-sourced LNG to Asian markets between 2021 and 2025. This trade pattern, supported by Japanese government initiatives and financing, contributes to substantial lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis shows that 16.5 billion kg of US LNG resold by Japan to Asia released 63.5 billion kg of CO2, with methane leaks and combustion being the primary drivers. The document argues that promoting LNG infrastructure in Asia risks locking in fossil fuel dependence and exacerbating climate-induced disasters in a region already vulnerable to extreme weather.

The report outlines how the port sector can transition from causing ocean degradation to enabling regeneration using the AR3T (Avoid, Reduce, Restore and Regenerate, Transform) framework. It identifies key pressures ports exert on marine ecosystems—such as seabed disturbance, pollution, and invasive species—and provides specific, evidence-based actions across the port lifecycle, from siting and design to operations and decommissioning. The document emphasizes the importance of nature-inclusive design, ecosystem-based marine spatial planning, and the integration of natural capital into financial accounting to achieve a Sustainable Blue Economy.

The document argues that policy incoherence is driven not by poor coordination, but by power asymmetries, vested interests, and the prioritization of economic growth over social and environmental goals. Based on research in nine countries, it finds that fossil-fuel interests consistently drive incoherence and that vulnerable groups disproportionately bear the resulting burdens. It calls for a post-2030 framework that moves beyond 'synergies' to address distributional consequences and cross-border spillovers.

The briefing argues that while climate and sustainable development goals are theoretically synergistic, actual policy coherence is hindered by political inequality, vested interests, and the prioritization of economic growth. Through analysis of nine countries and global NDC data, the research demonstrates that coherence is not a neutral technocratic exercise but a political process with significant distributional consequences, often burdening vulnerable groups when political will for equity is absent.

The document argues that climate change increases violence by exacerbating risk factors such as extreme heat, resource scarcity, and material insecurity. It highlights specific links between rising temperatures and intimate partner violence, gun violence, and group-level conflict, while advising reporters to use granular data and center marginalized voices to illustrate these social climate impacts.

The report examines the 'electrotech fast-track' for 74 Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF) nations, arguing that rapid cost declines in solar, batteries, and electric end-use technologies allow these countries to bypass the 'fossil detour'. It highlights that 46% of CVF nations, by electricity demand, have already surpassed the US in solar penetration. The document details how solar is now less capital-intensive than fossil fuels and how decentralized solar-battery systems are becoming cheaper than grid extension for remote areas. It further argues that transitioning to electrotech reduces the $155 billion annual fossil fuel import drain and leverages CVF nations' strategic assets in critical minerals and manufacturing to gain geopolitical influence.

The report analyzes how high debt-service obligations and fossil fuel reliance create a structural trap for Global South nations, where fiscal pressures force governments to prioritize short-term liquidity and fossil fuel extraction over long-term renewable energy transitions. Through case studies of Colombia, Egypt, Guyana, Jordan, and Sri Lanka, it demonstrates that this nexus is systemic, often reinforced by the conditionalities of International Financial Institutions (IFIs) and the interests of multinational corporations. The document advocates for comprehensive debt cancellation, the end of fossil fuel finance, and a global transition framework based on 'extraction equity' to dismantle these structural barriers.

The document advocates for legislative bans on advertising for fossil fuel-intensive goods and services, arguing that such measures are essential for demand reduction and public health. It frames the current energy crisis—caused by the closure of the Strait of Hormuz—as a critical window for governments to remove contradictory messaging that stimulates fossil fuel consumption while citizens are asked to reduce use.

The report details the Climate Adaptation Investment Planning (CAIP) framework, a five-step process designed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to bridge the gap between national adaptation planning and financial implementation. Piloted between 2022 and 2025 in Armenia, Bhutan, Cambodia, Indonesia, Mongolia, and Nepal, the framework emphasizes aligning adaptation with national fiscal cycles, using systemic climate risk diagnostics, and grouping priorities into comprehensive investment packages. Key findings indicate that while most adaptation packages yield high economic returns, financial viability for private investment remains limited and sector-dependent. The report advocates for a country-led, iterative approach that integrates ministries of finance from the outset to ensure adaptation is embedded in public financial management systems.

Solar growth in South Asia is reducing the power sector's exposure to global fossil fuel price shocks, though the pace varies by country. In Pakistan, rooftop solar generation grew from 7.7 TWh in 2022 to 36.6 TWh in 2025, saving an estimated USD 12 billion in LNG imports. In contrast, Bangladesh increased its reliance on coal, with generation rising from 7.87 TWh to 30.06 TWh between 2022 and 2025. While the power sector is diversifying, the region remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas for transport and industry. The report suggests that electrifying these end-uses and expanding regional electricity trade—with India as a hub—are essential to further cutting import costs and improving energy security.

As of the end of 2025, the Climate Bonds Initiative recorded a cumulative aligned GSS+ debt volume of USD6.8tn, with annual aligned volume reaching USD1.0tn for the third consecutive year. Green bonds remain the dominant label, accounting for 64% of 2025 aligned volume (USD653.5bn), while sustainability bonds reached a record annual volume of USD217.3bn. Europe leads globally in both annual and cumulative aligned volume, though the USA remains the largest single country source of cumulative aligned volume at USD887.4bn. The report also highlights the launch of the Climate Bonds Resilience Taxonomy (CBRT) to address the funding gap for climate adaptation and resilience, exemplified by the world's first CBRT-certified resilience bond issued by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

The briefing examines the US$107 billion in potential investment for LNG terminals and gas pipelines in Southern Asia, specifically India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. While industry forecasts predict strong demand growth, Global Energy Monitor (GEM) finds that these countries have shelved or cancelled 2–3 times as much proposed LNG import capacity as they have brought online over the last decade. The document highlights that LNG remains uncompetitive against falling renewable power costs and that recent geopolitical shocks, such as the March 2026 conflict in Iran affecting the Strait of Hormuz, underscore the energy security risks of LNG dependence. While India continues to promote gas infrastructure, Pakistan has shifted toward domestic power and local gas exploration, and Bangladesh's new government signals a move toward renewables and domestic gas.

A World Weather Attribution study examines the role of climate change and natural variability in the devastating floods of November 2025 across Sri Lanka and the Malacca Strait. While observational data indicate a significant increase in the intensity of extreme 5-day rainfall events—up to 160% in Sri Lanka and 50% in the Malacca Strait due to a 1.3°C rise in global temperatures—climate models failed to consistently capture these trends, preventing a definitive quantitative attribution. The study also notes that La Niña and a negative Indian Ocean Dipole contributed between 5% and 13% to the rainfall in the Malacca Strait, while rapid urbanization and infrastructure failures exacerbated the humanitarian impact.

The report identifies Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, and China as the fastest adopters of electric vehicles by sales share. It highlights China's dominance in both total volume (11.3 million sales in 2024) and market share (48%), while noting Norway's lead in share (92%). The analysis emphasizes that rapid uptake is driven by government incentives, investment in charging infrastructure, and the availability of affordable models. It also notes a trend of 'leapfrogging' in developing nations like Ethiopia, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, fueled by affordable Chinese imports.

The Principles for Taxonomy Interoperability, published by the Climate Bonds Initiative as part of the Taxonomy Roadmap Initiative, provide a framework to make diverse national and regional sustainable finance taxonomies comparable. The document argues that while local priorities necessitate different criteria, interoperability—based on common language, structures, and scientific baselines—is essential for scaling private climate finance. It outlines seven principles covering foundation, design, use cases, coverage, complexity, market signaling, and international collaboration. Additionally, it provides guidance on core design pillars such as sector structure (based on ISIC), common environmental objectives, and transition approaches (binary, traffic light, or merged).

The report outlines seven principles for taxonomy interoperability to facilitate cross-border capital flows for sustainable finance. It emphasizes the use of common terminology, scientific baselines, and collaborative international efforts to align diverse national taxonomies without requiring them to be identical.

The report argues that while tracking the quantity of climate finance is established, tracking its quality remains nascent. It proposes a three-level conceptual framework—project, market, and system—to move beyond one-off project outputs toward sustained transformational change. At the project level, it emphasizes core indicators like tCO2e for mitigation and beneficiaries reached for adaptation. At the market level, it focuses on creation, scalability, and inclusiveness, highlighting private finance catalyzation and job creation. At the system level, it identifies three catalytic pathways (singular, centralized, and decentralized) to track structural shifts in paradigms, policies, and institutional arrangements. The report concludes by identifying nine key indicators as a starting point for a common reporting approach across public climate finance actors.

Friends of the Earth International argues that environmental rights are human rights and should form an autonomous basis for corporate liability in the UN Legally Binding Instrument. The document provides textual suggestions to ensure TNCs are obligated to prevent environmental harm, phase out emissions, and provide full ecological restoration, moving beyond voluntary due diligence and ESG frameworks.

The policy brief by Friends of the Earth International advocates for the integration of explicit environmental and climate obligations for transnational corporations (TNCs) into the UN's legally binding instrument. It argues that the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment is a recognized human right, as established by UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/76/300 and various regional courts. The document provides specific text proposals to ensure TNCs are held legally accountable for environmental damage, biodiversity loss, and climate change, moving beyond procedural due diligence to substantive obligations of result, including the total elimination of climate emissions across value chains and full ecological restoration.