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The document details SEforALL's five-outcome Theory of Change aimed at achieving SDG7 through gender-sensitive action, global commitments, policy standards, financial mobilization, and direct energy installations. It reports cumulative results including the leveraging of 3.6 billion USD directly and 2.7 billion USD indirectly for energy access and clean energy transitions.

The report 'Taking the Pulse 2019' identifies a total financing need of $6.4 billion by 2030 to achieve SDG 7 in Madagascar, the Philippines, and Uganda. It breaks down these needs by technology—mini-grids, standalone solar systems, and improved cookstoves—and by capital type, including grants, equity, debt, and affordability gap funding. The analysis highlights that while grid electrification remains important, off-grid solutions are essential for reaching isolated populations. The report provides specific projections for each country, noting that Uganda has seen success in standalone solar, the Philippines relies heavily on mini-grids due to its geography, and Madagascar faces severe infrastructure and affordability challenges. It concludes with policy recommendations for development partners, governments, and investors to mobilize the necessary capital and create enabling regulatory environments.

The report argues that electrification and clean cooking have historically been treated as separate sectors, leading to inefficient energy planning. It advocates for 'integrated energy planning' that leverages the synergies between electricity access and eCooking to accelerate the transition away from biomass. The document reviews various modelling approaches—including energy system planning, sub-sector planning, and geospatial energy access planning—and highlights the Integrated Clean Cooking Plan Tool (ICCPT) in Rwanda as a significant methodological advance. It also details the policy, financial, and data requirements necessary to operationalize these plans, such as eCooking tariffs, results-based financing, and digital monitoring, reporting and verification (dMRV) for carbon finance.

The report examines the 'gender-energy nexus' in the era of AI, highlighting how the digital gender divide and energy poverty disproportionately affect women. It identifies critical challenges, including gender bias in AI development, a deficit of sex-disaggregated energy data, and the risk of AI data centres diverting resources from low-income communities. The authors argue that while AI can optimize energy systems, its current development lacks gender diversity and funding for SDG5 (Gender Equality). The report recommends increasing women's representation in STEM, implementing gender-lens investing, and ensuring women are decision-makers in AI and energy policy to achieve a just transition.

The report assesses the current state of cooking energy in Madagascar, where over 80% of rural households rely on wood and over 60% of urban households use charcoal. It models a 'Base Scenario' aligned with national policy and a 'Universal Access Scenario' aligned with SDG7, estimating the fuel production potential for bioethanol, biogas, and pellets. The analysis highlights that while bio-fuels have significant potential without impacting food security, the primary barrier to adoption is the cost of fuel, which represents 97.1% of transition costs. Transitioning to clean cooking could reduce residential energy consumption by up to 65% and prevent thousands of deaths from indoor air pollution by 2030.

The document serves as a career manual for students and young professionals entering the sustainable energy sector. It outlines various professional pathways—including engineering, policy, finance, and data science—and provides a detailed breakdown of the internal and external teams at SEforALL. The guide emphasizes the need for both technical STEM qualifications and soft skills like adaptability and communication to support the achievement of SDG7 and the Paris Agreement. It also details SEforALL's inclusive, remote recruitment process and its commitment to increasing the participation of women and youth in the green economy.

The report highlights a critical 'data deficit' in the energy sector, where the lack of sex-disaggregated data reinforces male-oriented policymaking and hinders the achievement of SDG7. It identifies systemic barriers to women's participation in the energy workforce—where they represent only 32% of the renewable energy sector—and the disproportionate impact of energy poverty on women and girls. The document provides a framework for designing gender indicators, emphasizing the need for both supply-side (employment/leadership) and demand-side (consumer preferences/household decision-making) metrics. It concludes with best practices for national policymakers, statistical offices, and international organizations to strengthen data capacity, particularly in low-income countries.

The document evaluates Madagascar's cold chain infrastructure, identifying significant electricity gaps in health facilities and high post-harvest losses in agriculture. It proposes investment pathways for medical cold chain equipment and electrification, alongside a scenario-based analysis for four key agricultural value chains.

The report outlines a comprehensive strategy for Madagascar to reach universal electricity access by 2030, estimating a total investment requirement of approximately 7 billion USD. The plan identifies four primary modalities: grid densification, grid extension, mini-grids (medium and low voltage), and standalone solar systems. Standalone solar is projected to be the most significant contributor in terms of total connections, while grid densification is highlighted as the most financially efficient method. The analysis emphasizes the need for coordinated planning between government bodies and the private sector, alongside infrastructure upgrades to ensure energy quality.

The document provides a conceptual framework for institutional capacity development (CD) in developing countries, integrating traditional institutional development, governance, and micro-economics. It defines institutional capacity as a combination of functions, resources, and structures, and argues that sustainability depends on local ownership and the ability to secure domestic resources. The authors propose generic 'capacity areas'—such as information, competence, and governance—and suggest monitoring tools like the Institutional Development Framework (IDF) and the Organisational Capacity Assessment Tool (OCAT) to track progress through specific indicators.

This case study describes how the French cosmetics company Yves Rocher used the Corporate Ecosystem Services Review (ESR) framework in 2009 to develop a corporate-wide biodiversity strategy. The process led to the creation of an action plan focused on supply chain resilience, facility management, and customer communication to secure raw material inputs and enhance brand value.

The report argues that while land restoration offers high economic returns—estimated at $7 to $30 for every dollar invested—it remains severely underfunded with an annual gap of approximately $300 billion. It identifies seven systemic barriers to investment, including the lack of market value for public benefits and long investment horizons. The authors recommend a cross-sectoral government approach, the use of carbon taxes to fund restoration, and the implementation of risk-mitigation tools like first-loss guarantees and tax credits to attract private capital. The document also provides a framework for economic valuation to make the full suite of ecosystem services visible to decision-makers.

The study investigates a severe drought in southern Madagascar (the Grand Sud region) between July 2019 and June 2021, which contributed to a major food security crisis. Analysis of observational data and climate models indicates that the event was a 1-in-135 year dry event, but its likelihood was not significantly increased by anthropogenic climate change. The findings suggest that natural variability remains the dominant driver of such droughts in this region, aligning with IPCC projections that perceptible changes in drought may only emerge if global mean temperatures exceed 2°C above pre-industrial levels. The report also highlights that the humanitarian impact was severely compounded by extreme poverty, poor infrastructure, and the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study concludes that greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions contributed to the increased intensity and probability of heavy rainfall during the 2022 tropical storm events in Madagascar, Mozambique, and Malawi. While Tropical Storm Ana was a rare 1-in-50-year event for Mozambique and Malawi, Cyclone Batsirai was a more common 1-in-2-year event for Madagascar. The humanitarian impact was severely amplified by compound factors, including preceding floods, existing droughts in southern Madagascar, and high socio-economic vulnerability. Despite accurate forecasting by regional meteorological centers, infrastructure damage and a lack of trust in warnings hindered effective responses.

The ring-tailed lemur is classified as an unsuitable pet due to its endangered status, the illegality of its trade and ownership in many jurisdictions, and the risk of zoonotic diseases. The document highlights that the species' complex social, nutritional, and environmental needs cannot be met in domestic settings, and that the pet trade fuels illegal poaching of wild populations in Madagascar.

The document outlines how effective criminal justice systems support conservation by deterring illegal activities and addressing the corruption that facilitates them. It warns that without a 'corruption lens,' law enforcement efforts can be ineffective or harmful, as officers may target low-level offenders to extract bribes. The guide recommends a combination of institutional reforms, capacity building, transparency measures, technological tools, whistleblowing mechanisms, and private sector engagement to build resilient and accountable enforcement frameworks.

The 'Food is Local' fellowship by WWF International provides funding for master's and PhD students from 32 eligible countries to conduct interdisciplinary research on transforming food systems to be more sustainable, equitable, and climate-resilient. Eligible applicants must be citizens of the listed countries, have two years of conservation experience, and plan to start their studies by January 2024. Research proposals are encouraged to cover themes such as agroecological practices, gender equity, and the role of food systems in achieving Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

The document argues that while global frameworks promote Nature-based Solutions (NbS), their implementation is stalled by institutional silos, regulatory ambiguity, and a lack of inclusive governance. It highlights specific gaps such as the preference for 'grey' infrastructure and the exclusion of Indigenous Peoples, while providing examples of successful coordination and legal innovations from countries like India, Costa Rica, and Peru.

The report examines the impact of cold-chain technologies—such as solar-powered freezers and ice machines—on small-scale fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean. It finds that while these solutions significantly reduce post-harvest food loss and boost incomes, they must be paired with strong fisheries governance to prevent overexploitation. The document recommends a funding model combining grants with private management as the most viable approach for the region.

The report analyzes systemic gender inequalities in Madagascar, specifically within the Diana, Manambolo-Tsiribihina, and Mahafaly seascapes, to inform a Gender Action Plan for the management of Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs). It identifies that while women are central to nearshore harvesting and household food security, they are largely excluded from formal governance, high-value offshore fishing, and strategic decision-making. The Gender Action Plan sets specific targets, including a 30% minimum female representation in governance bodies and 50% participation in training, while proposing strategies for gender-responsive budgeting, leadership training for women, and the engagement of men to shift discriminatory social norms.