CLEAN COOKING

This report, produced by Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL), provides a comprehensive analysis of the clean cooking sector in Madagascar. It evaluates current fuel and stove usage, estimates the production potential of various biofuels, and models two transition scenarios toward 2030: a 'base scenario' aligned with national policy and a 'universal access scenario' aligned with SDG7. The analysis highlights the severe health and environmental impacts of traditional cooking and quantifies the financial gaps and social benefits associated with transitioning to modern energy services.

• As of 2020, clean cooking adoption in Madagascar was very low, with less than 12% of the population using clean cooking technologies or improved stoves. Only 1% of households and 4% of institutions utilized modern energy solutions such as electricity, LPG, or alternative biofuels. The report warns that without action, 36 million people will lack access to clean cooking solutions by 2030.
• Traditional cooking practices have severe consequences for health, the environment, and gender equality. Indoor air pollution causes 21,000 deaths annually in Madagascar. Furthermore, while agriculture causes 80-90% of deforestation, the remainder is attributed to household and institutional use of wood and charcoal; it is estimated that 25% of forests will disappear by 2030. Women bear the primary burden of cooking and fuel collection, which can occupy between one-third and one-half of their day.
• The report models two 2030 scenarios: a 'Base Scenario' and a 'Universal Access Scenario'. The Base Scenario aims for improved stove access for 50% of households and clean cooking solutions for 2.5 million households. The Universal Access Scenario targets a complete transition to modern energy services for all households and institutions. Under the Universal scenario, the ownership of solid fuel stoves would drop from 97.5% in 2023 to 6.4% by 2030, compared to 58.9% in the Base scenario.
• Bioethanol, biogas, and biomass pellets/briquettes show significant production potential in Madagascar. Even under the ambitious Universal scenario, the energy required for these fuels would only utilize 19.11% of the bioethanol potential, 4.81% of the biogas potential, and 6.55% of the pellet/briquette potential, suggesting that diverting biomass for fuel would not substantially impact food security or natural fertilizers.
• Electric cooking is projected to be concentrated in grid-connected areas due to lower energy costs. In the Universal scenario, e-cooking would represent 27% of total stove ownership by 2030, with efficient induction stoves making up 100% of those electronic devices. In the Base scenario, e-cooking would account for approximately 19% of ownership, with induction stoves representing about half of the electronic devices.
• The transition to clean cooking would significantly reduce energy consumption and improve social outcomes. Total final energy for residential cooking would decrease by 35% in the Base scenario and 65% in the Universal scenario compared to 2023 levels. Average daily time spent cooking by women would drop from 3.30 hours in 2023 to 2.66 hours in the Base scenario and 1.77 hours in the Universal scenario. Health benefits include avoiding 8,022 child deaths and 49,183 adult deaths in the Universal scenario.
• Financial accessibility is a major barrier, with 75% of households identifying cooking costs as the primary obstacle. The total cumulative cost for stoves and fuel up to 2030 is estimated at $12.7 billion for the Base scenario and nearly $23 billion for the Universal scenario. Fuel costs represent 97.1% of the transition cost. The funding gap to reach the Base scenario is $3 billion, while the Universal scenario requires $8.6 billion relative to the base case.

APA

Sustainable Energy for All (n.d.). CLEAN COOKING. https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-09/summary-madagascar-cleancooking_fr.pdf

Chicago

Sustainable Energy for All. CLEAN COOKING. n.d. https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-09/summary-madagascar-cleancooking_fr.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Sustainable Energy for All |title=CLEAN COOKING |url=https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-09/summary-madagascar-cleancooking_fr.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{sustainableenergyforallndclean, author = {{Sustainable Energy for All}}, title = {{CLEAN COOKING}}, institution = {Sustainable Energy for All}, url = {https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-09/summary-madagascar-cleancooking_fr.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }