CLEAN COOKING

The report assesses the current state of cooking energy in Madagascar, where over 80% of rural households rely on wood and over 60% of urban households use charcoal. It models a 'Base Scenario' aligned with national policy and a 'Universal Access Scenario' aligned with SDG7, estimating the fuel production potential for bioethanol, biogas, and pellets. The analysis highlights that while bio-fuels have significant potential without impacting food security, the primary barrier to adoption is the cost of fuel, which represents 97.1% of transition costs. Transitioning to clean cooking could reduce residential energy consumption by up to 65% and prevent thousands of deaths from indoor air pollution by 2030.

• As of 2020, clean cooking adoption in Madagascar was very low, with less than 12% of the population using clean cooking technologies or improved stoves, and only 1% of households and 4% of institutions using modern energy solutions such as LPG, electricity, or alternative biofuels.
• The reliance on traditional fuels has severe consequences, including 21,000 annual deaths due to indoor air pollution and a projection that 25% of forests will disappear by 2030, with a portion of this loss driven by household and institutional use of wood and charcoal.
• The report models two paths to 2030: a Base Scenario targeting 50% household access to improved stoves and 2.5 million households adopting clean cooking, and a Universal Access Scenario aiming for a complete transition to modern energy cooking services for all households and institutions.
• Biofuels have high production potential in Madagascar without threatening food security; even under the Universal Access Scenario, the biomass required for bioethanol, biogas, and pellets would only use 19.11%, 4.81%, and 6.55% of their respective total potentials.
• The financial gap for the transition is substantial, with the Universal Access Scenario requiring $8.6 billion to fund the affordability gap compared to the base case. Fuel costs are the dominant barrier, accounting for 97.1% of the transition cost from the user's perspective.
• Transitioning to clean cooking would significantly reduce the domestic workload for women, decreasing the average time spent cooking from 3.30 hours per day in 2023 to 2.66 hours in the Base Scenario and 1.77 hours in the Universal Access Scenario by 2030.
• The transition is projected to have major health benefits, potentially avoiding 8,022 child deaths and 49,183 adult deaths under the Universal Access Scenario by 2030.

APA

Sustainable Energy for All (n.d.). CLEAN COOKING. https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-09/summary-madagascar-cleancooking_fr.pdf

Chicago

Sustainable Energy for All. CLEAN COOKING. n.d. https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-09/summary-madagascar-cleancooking_fr.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Sustainable Energy for All |title=CLEAN COOKING |url=https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-09/summary-madagascar-cleancooking_fr.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{sustainableenergyforallndclean, author = {{Sustainable Energy for All}}, title = {{CLEAN COOKING}}, institution = {Sustainable Energy for All}, url = {https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-09/summary-madagascar-cleancooking_fr.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }