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This case study by Natural Justice examines a land dispute in the Tsiazompaniry forest of Madagascar, where the Tsarafara community successfully defended its management rights against an individual's land claim. The document uses this case to highlight the critical role of legal personality and secure land tenure for community-based organizations (VOIs) in achieving biodiversity conservation goals and the global 30x30 target.

This introductory document provides a geographic, climatic, and political overview of Madagascar, detailing its vulnerability to extreme weather and its history of political instability and democratic transitions leading up to 2024.

The Madagascar Integrated Energy Access Planning (IEP) Cold Chains Report provides a comprehensive geospatial and technical analysis of the medical and agricultural cold chains in Madagascar. It identifies critical gaps in electricity access and road infrastructure that hinder the distribution of vaccines and the preservation of perishable agricultural products. The report proposes electrification and equipment strategies to achieve universal healthcare facility electrification by 2030 and to reduce post-harvest losses in the potato, tomato, fisheries, and dairy value chains.

The Madagascar Integrated Energy Access Planning (IEP) Electrification Report provides a geospatial, least-cost strategy to achieve universal electricity access. It evaluates four primary modalities: grid densification, grid expansion, mini-grids (MV and LV), and standalone solar systems (SSS). The report outlines two primary timelines: a baseline scenario for universal access by 2030 and a more conservative scenario for 2040, detailing the technical requirements and financing needed to bridge the access gap for over 18 million people.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the political transition in Madagascar following the 2009 coup d'etat, focusing on a November 2010 referendum for a new constitution. The author argues that the process is unilateral, lacks inclusivity, and may be designed to consolidate the power of the current leader, Rajoelina, while bypassing international mediation efforts from SADC and the African Union.

This briefing analyzes the unconstitutional change of government in Madagascar in March 2009, where Andry Rajoelina took power following the resignation of President Marc Ravalomanana. The document examines the legal basis for this transition, the failure of international mediation efforts, and the precedent set by Ravalomanana's own rise to power in 2002.

This research paper by Richard R. Marcus examines the political evolution of Madagascar, focusing on the transition from the autocratic rule of Didier Ratsiraka to the presidency of Marc Ravalomanana following the 2002 crisis. It analyzes the role of social movements, the manipulation of constitutional structures, and the tension between democratic transition and neopatrimonialism.

This case study analyzes the energy access landscape in Madagascar, focusing on the financing and infrastructure requirements to achieve universal electricity and clean cooking access by 2030. It contrasts a 'business as usual' (BAU) scenario, where grid access declines due to population growth, with a forecast scenario requiring significant investment in stand-alone solar, mini-grids, and improved cookstoves (ICS). The report highlights profound affordability challenges for rural households and the need for quality standards and regulatory consistency to attract private investment.