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The research identifies significant relational turbulence among South African peacekeepers returning from missions in the DRC, Darfur/Sudan, and Burundi. Key challenges include strained relationships with children, financial conflicts, and the struggle to renegotiate household boundaries within a patriarchal societal context. While soldiers receive institutional resilience training, their families often lack similar support, exacerbating the difficulty of reintegration.

The document examines Namibia's strategy to position the Port of Walvis Bay as a competitive alternative to other SADC ports. It details the role of the Namibian Ports Authority (Namport) and the Walvis Bay Corridor Group (WBCG) in expanding infrastructure and improving trade facilitation. Key developments include a new container terminal funded largely by the African Development Bank and the conceptual SADC Gateway Port. While the port benefits from strategic location and political stability, it faces challenges in human capital and administrative bureaucracy.

The G20 Agriculture Ministers’ Meeting Outcome Document and Chair's Summary, convened on 18 September 2025 in Cape Town, South Africa, outlines a strategic framework to address global food insecurity and malnutrition. Under the South African Presidency's theme of 'Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability', the ministers identified four priority areas: inclusive market participation, empowerment of youth and women, innovation and technology, and climate resilience. The document emphasizes the role of multilateral trade, public-private partnerships, and the voluntary transfer of technology to transform global food systems.

The Youth Emergency Guide, developed by young South Africans (ages 13-25) in partnership with UNICEF and Youth@SAIIA, is a resource designed to build emergency preparedness and social resilience. It defines key concepts such as hazards, risks, and vulnerability, and provides practical steps for youth to identify local risks, develop personal emergency plans, and create early warning systems. The guide covers specific response strategies for floods, pandemics, storms, civil unrest, fires, and droughts, while emphasizing the importance of reliable information and youth leadership in community resilience and policy advocacy.

The document is a youth-led emergency preparedness guide for South Africans, focusing on identifying risks, creating response plans, and building community resilience against climate-related disasters, health crises, and social unrest.

The Youth Emergency Guide is a youth-led resource designed to empower young South Africans to manage emergencies. It defines key concepts like hazards and social resilience, provides a step-by-step methodology for risk assessment and emergency planning, and offers specific response protocols for floods, wildfires, pandemics, and civil unrest. The guide emphasizes the importance of reliable information, community leadership, and systemic advocacy to prevent future disasters.

The document is a comprehensive emergency preparedness guide for South African youth, focusing on building community resilience against climate-related disasters, health crises, and civil unrest.

South Africa has increased its climate ambition by lowering its 2030 emission target upper limit from 614 Mt CO2-eq to 420 Mt CO2-eq. While the country leads Africa in green finance and has established a carbon tax, implementation of climate strategies remains slow. The COVID-19 pandemic initially diverted focus toward immediate socioeconomic needs, but later spurred the Economic Reconstruction and Recovery Plan. Conversely, the Ukraine war has increased global demand for South African coal, potentially incentivizing a rollback of decarbonization. The Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) provides critical financial support, but the transition is hindered by ongoing power shortages, reliance on new coal plants like Medupi and Kusile, and political sensitivity regarding job losses in the coal sector.

The report details a research project in East and Southern Africa aimed at shifting the role of youth from passive recipients of policy to active architects of 'systemic justice'. Through a hybrid approach of participatory futures and action research, the project engaged youth innovators and changemakers to develop 'anticipatory praxis'—a method of combining strategic foresight with intentional action. The findings emphasize that systemic justice requires reimagining deep-rooted economic, ecological, and social structures, moving beyond simple job creation toward regenerative economies and inclusive governance. The report identifies key 'leverage points' for change, such as shifting cultural narratives and embracing iterative learning, and provides recommendations for funders, policymakers, and civil society to institutionalize youth co-governance and support futures literacy.

The document advocates for the transition from incandescent and mercury vapour lighting to compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), LEDs, and efficient fluorescent tubes in South African urban areas. It highlights that lighting accounts for approximately 12% of electricity use in the residential and commercial sectors, and replacing traditional bulbs with CFLs can reduce this by up to 75%. Using Cape Town as a model, the guide estimates that achieving penetration targets could save 8 million MWh of electricity and 7.5 million tonnes of CO2 by 2024. It identifies barriers such as high initial costs for low-income households and municipal reluctance to reduce electricity sales, while suggesting implementation strategies through procurement policy changes and Eskom's demand side management (DSM) subsidies. Case studies from Ekurhuleni and international examples from Australia, the USA, and India illustrate the economic and environmental viability of these interventions.

The document argues for prioritizing public transport in South African cities to reduce carbon emissions, which currently account for 25% of city emissions, and energy consumption, which accounts for 50%. It identifies barriers such as fragmented management, safety concerns, and apartheid-era urban planning. Proposed solutions include the creation of Transport Authorities, the implementation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems, and travel demand management strategies like congestion charging and high-occupancy vehicle lanes. A case study of Cape Town suggests that a 10% shift in commuters from private to public transport by 2020 could save 148 million gigajoules of energy and 9 billion tonnes of CO2 by 2024.

The document explains the methodology of 'extreme event attribution' to help journalists avoid common errors, such as ignoring climate change or attributing an event to it as a sole cause. It details how scientists use climate models to compare the modern world with a pre-industrial one to determine if an event was more likely or intense due to global warming. The guide provides specific scientific consensus and limitations for heatwaves, floods, tropical cyclones, heavy snowfall, droughts, and wildfires, emphasizing that while some connections are robust (e.g., heatwaves), others are more complex and depend on regional data and human vulnerability.

The document serves as a style guide for journalists to avoid common errors when attributing extreme weather to climate change. It explains the methodology of event attribution studies—comparing simulated worlds with and without human influence—and provides specific guidance on reporting heatwaves, floods, tropical cyclones, heavy snowfall, droughts, and wildfires. The guide emphasizes that while climate change increases the probability and intensity of many events, it is rarely the sole cause, and social vulnerability often determines whether a weather event becomes a disaster.

The document explains 'event attribution' science, which quantifies how climate change alters the probability and intensity of specific weather events. It provides a detailed breakdown of how climate change affects heatwaves, floods, tropical cyclones, heavy snowfall, droughts, and wildfires, while cautioning journalists against common errors such as treating climate change as the sole cause of a disaster or ignoring it entirely. It emphasizes that while some trends are globally consistent (e.g., heatwaves), others are regionally variable or complex (e.g., droughts and snowfall).

The document explains the methodology of extreme event attribution, which calculates how much climate change has altered the probability and intensity of specific weather events. It warns journalists against three common errors: ignoring climate change, attributing events without evidence, or citing it as the sole cause. The guide provides detailed analysis for heatwaves, floods, tropical cyclones, snowstorms, droughts, and wildfires, noting that while heatwaves are universally linked to global warming, other events like droughts and floods have more complex, region-specific relationships with climate change. It emphasizes that disasters are the result of both extreme weather and societal vulnerability, such as poor urban planning or water management.

The document explains how 'attribution' studies determine if global warming increased the likelihood or intensity of a specific extreme weather event. It warns journalists against three common errors: ignoring climate change, claiming it caused an event without evidence, or treating it as the sole cause. The guide provides specific findings for heatwaves, floods, tropical cyclones, heavy snowfall, droughts, and wildfires, noting that while heatwaves are globally linked to warming, other phenomena like droughts and floods vary significantly by region.

The document explains the methodology of extreme event attribution, which determines how much human-induced climate change has influenced the probability or intensity of a specific weather event. It provides a detailed breakdown of different types of extreme events—heatwaves, floods, tropical storms, snowfall, droughts, and wildfires—outlining where scientific confidence in climate links is high and where it remains uncertain. The guide emphasizes that while climate change influences the likelihood and severity of events, local vulnerabilities and human management often determine whether an event becomes a disaster.

The document explains the science of 'extreme event attribution,' which calculates how much climate change increases the probability or intensity of specific weather events. It warns journalists against three common errors: ignoring climate links, asserting links without evidence, or citing climate change as the sole cause. The guide provides specific scientific consensus and attribution examples for heatwaves, floods, tropical cyclones, heavy snow, droughts, and wildfires, emphasizing that while some events (like heatwaves) have a very strong global link to warming, others (like droughts or cyclones) are more complex and vary by region.

Groundwater is the most abundant freshwater source, supporting 40% of irrigated crop production and over 25% of the global population's drinking water. However, it is being consumed at unsustainable rates, with 20% of river basins currently overdrafted and over 50% at risk by 2050. Over-extraction leads to saltwater intrusion, dried-up wells, and land subsidence. Sustainable management requires measuring extraction, setting volumetric caps, and implementing natural or managed recharge solutions, as demonstrated by the Edwards Aquifer in Texas.

The document examines desalination as a potential water source for Cape Town, noting that while it provides a rainfall-independent supply, it is often the most expensive option and carries significant energy and environmental costs. It details existing small-scale plants in South African municipalities and warns against over-investing in large-scale facilities based on experiences in Australia.