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Climate Central analyzed 2,041 U.S. monitoring stations from 1970 to 2023, finding that 64% of locations experienced a decrease in annual snowfall. The report highlights regional disparities, noting that while the western U.S. faces shrinking snowpack and increased snow drought, the Great Lakes region sees a trend toward more lake effect snow due to reduced ice cover, though the overall snow season is projected to shorten. These shifts threaten water security in the West, the winter recreation industry in the Northeast, and aquatic ecosystems in the Northern Great Plains.

The document outlines the environmental crises caused by fossil-fuel-driven economic systems, emphasizing the need for a 'just transition' and a shift toward circular economies. It highlights the critical state of biodiversity, water security, and air quality, noting that the poorest populations suffer most despite contributing least to the problem. The guide calls for systemic changes in food production, energy use, and consumption patterns to protect the planet for future generations.

Climate Central analysis shows that winter's longest cold streaks have shrunk by an average of six days across 240 U.S. locations between 1970 and 2023, affecting 98% of the sites studied. These shorter cold periods threaten high-value fruit and nut crop production, snowpack-fed water supplies, Great Lakes ice cover, and the control of disease-carrying pests. While most locations saw decreases—with Las Vegas, Nevada experiencing a 21-day reduction—a few sites, including Los Angeles, California, saw streaks lengthen by two to five days.

The Bekwai Climate Change Adaptation Plan (2024-2030) identifies agriculture as the most vulnerable sector in the Bekwai Municipality of Ghana due to heavy reliance on rain-fed farming. The plan outlines prioritized adaptation actions across eight sectors, including the construction of irrigation systems, afforestation, and the reengineering of the Oda River bridge. It establishes a governance framework led by the Municipal Planning Co-ordination Unit and proposes a Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) system to track progress.

The 2023 study found that none of the five water infrastructure investments in Garissa County were fully functional, with three partially functional and two non-functional. The primary drivers of failure were a lack of dedicated budgets for operations and maintenance (O&M), capacity gaps in local management, and limited early engagement with water institutions. The report recommends establishing sustainable financing mechanisms, integrating renewable energy to lower costs, and strengthening the technical and project management skills of local site committees.

The 2023 study found that only two of nine assessed water investments were fully functional, with many others limited by inadequate maintenance, vandalism, and resource-based conflicts. While community-led planning and local knowledge improved sustainability, the report highlights a need for dedicated maintenance financing, better technical siting, and genuine gender inclusivity in management committees.

A 2023 study of 12 water infrastructure investments in Kitui County, Kenya, found that 59% were functional or partially functional, while 16% were non-functional due to lack of maintenance. The report highlights that most investments failed to provide adequate water during dry seasons and suffered from insufficient funding for operations and maintenance. While local knowledge was integrated into planning via Ward Climate Change Planning Committees, the study recommends better integration of hydrogeological data, landscape restoration, and institutionalised project audits to ensure long-term sustainability.

A 2023 study of 13 water infrastructure projects in Makueni County, Kenya, found that most remain functional seven years after implementation. The success of these locally-led adaptation investments is attributed to the integration of local knowledge with technical data and strong partnerships between the county government and communities. While the projects have improved water access and increased agricultural incomes, challenges remain regarding siltation, funding for major repairs, and the need for green energy transitions to reduce production costs.

The report details how Hawaii is experiencing accelerating climate crises, specifically through extreme drought, intense tropical storms, sea level rise, and increasing temperatures. It provides comprehensive lists of potential costs for mitigation and adaptation, ranging from water management and wildfire suppression to floodproofing infrastructure and public health interventions.

The fact sheet introduces 'transition indicators' as a tool to improve the implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions and national adaptation plans. Based on case studies from seven countries, the document asserts that focusing on a few tangible metrics per sector—rather than abstract CO2 targets—facilitates public dialogue, guides policy implementation, and attracts private investment. It provides specific examples of indicators for water security in India, industrial decarbonization in Germany, transport in South Korea, buildings in China, renewable energy in the Netherlands, and sustainable agriculture in Kenya and Indonesia.

The document defines Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for adaptation—also known as ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR)—as actions to protect, conserve, restore, sustainably use, and manage natural ecosystems to strengthen resilience against climate change. It details a four-step implementation process starting with methodology design and ending with the identification of adaptation options, grounded in participatory climate risk assessments. The text highlights specific examples of NbS, such as coral reef restoration to buffer coastal flooding and river basin management to address drought. It emphasizes that effective NbS must be gender-responsive, inclusive, and conflict-sensitive to ensure an equitable distribution of benefits.

The SUNCASA project, funded with USD 22 million by Global Affairs Canada and managed by IISD and WRI, implements nature-based solutions (NbS) to combat flooding, heat, and biodiversity loss in Dire Dawa, Kigali, and Johannesburg. The project targets 2.2 million beneficiaries, with a specific focus on gender equality and the empowerment of marginalized groups in climate adaptation planning.

The document describes nature-based adaptation solutions (SafN) as a subset of nature-based solutions (SfN) focused on protecting, conserving, restoring, and sustainably managing ecosystems to mitigate climate impacts. It details a four-step implementation process—from methodology development to identifying adaptation options—and highlights the co-benefits for biodiversity and human well-being, such as food and water security. The text emphasizes that effective SafN must be inclusive, gender-responsive, and integrated into broader adaptation strategies, drawing on international standards from the IUCN and the Convention on Biological Diversity.

WWF's 2024 review highlights efforts to combat climate change and biodiversity loss through targeted programs. Key achievements include expanding the Food Waste Warriors program to 15 new cities, enrolling 1 million acres in the Ranch Systems and Viability Planning network, and contributing to a global tiger population increase to 5,574. The report also details human-wildlife conflict mitigation in the KAZA region, elephant tracking in India, and the establishment of the Tribal Buffalo Lifeways Collaboration in North America.

The document outlines a 36-month Readiness and Preparatory Support project for Tuvalu, managed by the Ministry of Finance. It aims to address critical gaps in human, technical, and institutional capacity that have limited the country's success in accessing Green Climate Fund (GCF) financing. Key initiatives include establishing a dedicated climate finance Program Management Unit (PMU), training 100 stakeholders, supporting the accreditation of a private sector direct access entity, and developing a private sector investment roadmap. The project also intends to advance the project pipeline by developing at least two bankable concept notes and conducting pre-feasibility studies for priority sectors such as water security, agriculture, and energy.

The document highlights the critical need for effective water governance in the Mediterranean to ensure water security and avoid conflict. It notes that current efforts to create a regional framework are hindered by a proliferation of independent initiatives and advocates for context-specific policies based on multi-level governance perspectives.

The report argues that climate adaptation is now a business imperative due to increasing physical risks and economic losses. It identifies three 'entry points' for private finance: 'Protect' (safeguarding existing assets and supply chains), 'Grow' (investing in early-stage and mature companies developing resilience technologies), and 'Participate' (co-investing in public sector infrastructure projects). The analysis highlights that adaptation investments can yield high benefit-to-cost ratios, particularly in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), and that valuation multiples for resilience solution providers are promising, with a median of 9 times revenue.

The Strategic Framework and Country Program (SFCP) for Kiribati outlines a structured approach to accessing climate finance to enhance national resilience and mitigation. It establishes a project pipeline and a programming cycle managed by the Climate Finance Division (CFD) of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MFED). The framework prioritizes sectors such as coastal protection, water and food security, and energy transition, while emphasizing the need for community-based adaptation and gender-responsive programming. It identifies key international partners, including the Green Climate Fund (GCF), the Adaptation Fund (AF), and the World Bank, to bridge the significant infrastructure and adaptation funding gap, which is estimated by the IMF to require up to 6% of GDP annually.

The report analyzes forest compensation in the MATOPIBA region (Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia), where agricultural expansion has led to significant deforestation. It evaluates three existing modalities—reforestation by the debtor, forest compensation credits, and cash payments—finding that current implementation often lacks technical oversight, transparency, and environmental effectiveness. To address these gaps, the authors propose four innovative mechanisms: the adoption of computerized management platforms, the use of payment for environmental services (PES), outsourcing fund management to specialized third parties, and utilizing blended finance and match funding to scale restoration projects.

The report analyzes forest replacement in Matopiba, noting that current practices often prioritize commercial timber over ecological restoration. It suggests adopting digital platforms for credit management, using Payments for Environmental Services (PSA), outsourcing fund management to specialized entities, and employing blended finance to scale restoration efforts.