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This research paper by the NewClimate Institute examines the role of non-state actors (NSAs) and subnational governments in climate action following the 2015 Paris Agreement, arguing for more robust accountability frameworks and refined reporting mechanisms to prevent greenwashing and better integrate NSA efforts with national goals.

This working paper provides an overview of climate commitments and actions by non-state and subnational actors in Latin America and the Caribbean, with a specific focus on the land use sector and the Amazon region.

This briefing by RMI discusses the role of non-state actors in narrowing the 'ambition gap' between current global emissions trajectories and the 1.5°C goal. It argues that while national pledges are currently insufficient, 'ambition loops'—cycles of leadership and followership among businesses, investors, and cities—can accelerate the adoption of climate solutions through collective action and positive feedback mechanisms.

The 2021 report by the NewClimate Institute evaluates climate action by subnational and non-state actors across ten major emitting economies, focusing on the progress of cities, regions, and businesses toward emissions reduction targets.

A statement from Dr. Nathanial Matthews, CEO of the Global Resilience Partnership (GRP), reflecting on the organization's 2020 activities. The document outlines GRP's efforts to build resilience for vulnerable populations amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting initiatives in climate adaptation, knowledge sharing, and innovative finance.

This research paper by the NewClimate Institute examines the role of subnational and non-state actors, such as cities, regions, and companies, in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within the European Union.

This research paper quantifies the potential 2030 impact of greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments made by non-state and subnational actors (NSAs)—including regions, cities, and businesses—within ten major emitting economies.

This research paper examines how a polycentric climate governance regime in Pakistan affects the framing and operationalization of climate justice, finding that while non-state actors can voice diverse domestic concerns, state power and international frameworks prioritize inter-country justice over domestic inequalities.

The 2019 report by the NewClimate Institute analyzes the impact of climate mitigation commitments from cities, regions, and businesses, specifically focusing on ten major emitting economies and 17 international cooperative initiatives (ICIs). It finds that while individual actor commitments provide modest reductions, ICIs offer the most significant potential to close the global emissions gap to 2°C by 2030.

This report by the NewClimate Institute analyzes the participation of Nordic stakeholders in the Global Climate Action Agenda (GCAA), identifying approximately 300 international cooperative initiatives (ICIs) and highlighting seven specific initiatives where Nordic leadership could accelerate climate action both globally and domestically.

This pre-release chapter of the UN Environment Emissions Gap Report 2018 assesses the role of non-state and subnational actors—including cities, regions, companies, and investors—in climate mitigation. While the potential for these actors to bridge the emissions gap is vast, their current quantified impact remains limited and difficult to track due to data gaps.

This report assesses the greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments of over 6,000 cities, states, and regions and more than 2,000 companies across 9 high-emitting countries and the European Union, concluding that while these non-state actor actions are significant, they are insufficient on their own to limit global temperature increases to 1.5°C or well-below 2°C.

This research paper evaluates the output performance and geographical distribution of 52 climate actions launched at the 2014 UN Climate Summit in New York, finding that while energy and industry actions are performing well, a significant implementation gap persists in developing countries.

This research paper examines the role of non-state actors in the implementation of the Paris Agreement, specifically focusing on their ability to hold parties accountable for their obligations through review processes regarding implementation, compliance, and effectiveness.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute explores how non-state actors—including cities, companies, and non-profits—can be integrated into the review processes of the Paris Agreement to enhance transparency, implementation, and ambition.

This research paper by the NewClimate Institute aims to quantify the potential impact of non-state actor initiatives—such as those from cities, regions, and companies—on Germany's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, specifically focusing on the 2020 emissions gap and longer-term targets up to 2050.

This research paper serves as a methodological supplement to the Initiative for Climate Action Transparency (ICAT) Non-State and Subnational Action (NSA) Guide. It explores the assumptions and decision points involved in estimating the collective ex-ante greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions impact of mitigation actions taken by cities, businesses, and states, with a focus on enhancing transparency and comparability of results.