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This research paper by the NewClimate Institute examines the role of non-state actors (NSAs) and subnational governments in climate action following the 2015 Paris Agreement, arguing for more robust accountability frameworks and refined reporting mechanisms to prevent greenwashing and better integrate NSA efforts with national goals.

This research paper examines the 'power to act' of state and regional governments regarding climate mitigation, identifying that while these entities possess significant financial and regulatory hard powers—particularly in decentralized countries and within the agriculture, buildings, and transport sectors—their progress is primarily hindered by limitations in human capacity, financing, and information.

This working paper provides an overview of climate commitments and actions by non-state and subnational actors in Latin America and the Caribbean, with a specific focus on the land use sector and the Amazon region.

The NDC Update Report 2021, based on a survey of 97 policy makers and experts across 92 countries, evaluates progress on Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) planning. While 95% of respondents report strengthened greenhouse gas emissions targets and improved sector-level grounding, the report concludes that collective ambition remains insufficient, progress is too slow, and financial barriers continue to hinder implementation. It highlights a significant gap in long-term strategies (LTSs), with only 17% of Parties having communicated one to the UNFCCC as of October 2021. The report emphasizes the critical role of subnational governments, noting that 80% of respondents view them as important for NDC implementation, and calls for a shift from narratives of 'green recovery' to concrete actions and the management of trade-offs to ensure a just transition.

The 2021 report by the NewClimate Institute evaluates climate action by subnational and non-state actors across ten major emitting economies, focusing on the progress of cities, regions, and businesses toward emissions reduction targets.

This research paper by the NewClimate Institute examines the role of subnational and non-state actors, such as cities, regions, and companies, in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within the European Union.

This research paper quantifies the potential 2030 impact of greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments made by non-state and subnational actors (NSAs)—including regions, cities, and businesses—within ten major emitting economies.

This policy brief describes Sudan's approach to climate change adaptation, highlighting its early submission of a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) to the UNFCCC and its specific focus on 'vertical integration' by empowering state governments to lead subnational adaptation actions.

This guide summarizes a comparative research project conducted by the Fundación Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (FARN) between 2013 and 2014. The study examines the political dynamics of climate-related decision-making in three Latin American mega-cities: Buenos Aires, São Paulo, and Mexico City, focusing on the gap between the adoption of climate policies and their actual implementation.

This research paper serves as a methodological supplement to the Initiative for Climate Action Transparency (ICAT) Non-State and Subnational Action (NSA) Guide. It explores the assumptions and decision points involved in estimating the collective ex-ante greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions impact of mitigation actions taken by cities, businesses, and states, with a focus on enhancing transparency and comparability of results.