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The 'Recharge Pakistan' project aims to shift Pakistan's flood and water management from a reactive, grey-infrastructure-based approach to a proactive, nature-based strategy. Implementing interventions across four sites in the Indus Basin, the project focuses on restoring degraded watersheds, establishing green infrastructure like recharge basins, and updating national and provincial water policies. It also targets the resilience of smallholder farmers through climate-smart agriculture and supports the development of sustainable, climate-resilient businesses. The project is managed by WWF-US as the Accredited Entity and WWF-Pakistan as the Executing Entity, with a total budget of approximately 77.8 million USD.

The 2022 Forum on Natural Infrastructure Performance and Metrics, held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, examined how to scale nature-based solutions to address aging water infrastructure in Canada's Prairies. Participants identified that a stronger business case for natural infrastructure requires tailored metrics and data to make economic benefits visible in regulatory and funding decisions. The forum highlighted the urgency of addressing an investment deficit in crumbling water infrastructure to mitigate risks from flooding, drought, extreme heat, and wildfires.

The GCF has become the largest multilateral climate finance contributor to African states, but its portfolio is heavily weighted toward mitigation (59%) over adaptation (41%), despite urgent regional needs. While the fund has successfully leveraged co-financing, particularly from Multilateral Development Banks, it faces significant efficiency challenges, including cumbersome accreditation and approval processes, language barriers for non-Anglophone states, and a paucity of Direct Access Entities (DAEs). The report recommends a strategic shift toward adaptation, streamlining access for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Fragile, Conflict and Violence (FCV) states, and increasing regional presence in Africa.

The Kune-Vaini Lagoon System (KVLS) in northern Albania, a biodiversity hotspot for approximately 200 bird species, faced severe threats from climate-induced flooding and sea-level rise. Between 1997 and 2017, floods caused USD 218 million in damage across Albania, with a third of coastal areas expected to face regular flooding by 2030. In response, the Albanian government, through its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) launched in 2015, implemented a pilot EbA project from 2016 to 2020 funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implemented by UNEP. The project employed three primary strategies: rehabilitating 2,000 metres of coastal dunes using over 65,000 seedlings of marram grass and marina; planting over 14,500 climate-resilient tree seedlings to create a "green belt" buffer; and using a sand dredger to reopen the tidal channel inlet to restore seawater circulation. These interventions have led to increased populations of sea bass, eels, pelicans, and flamingos, while improving flood resilience and water quality. The project also addressed capacity gaps in national and local government regarding EbA concepts. Based on these results, the Ministry of Tourism and Environment intends to replicate these approaches in the Narta and Karavasta lagoons in southern Albania.

Fiji employs a multi-sectoral approach to climate adaptation, utilizing a National Adaptation Plan with 160 measures and a hybrid seawall strategy combining mangroves, boulders, and vetiver grass. The government coordinates these efforts through the Climate Change Division, utilizing GIS and the Adaptation Impact Analysis Tool to monitor village-level projects. For communities facing immediate risk of inundation, Fiji has established a Standard Operating Procedure for Planned Relocations and the Climate Relocation of Communities (CROC) Trust Fund to ensure voluntary, culturally-sensitive movement to higher ground, as seen in the relocation of the village of Cogea.

The Climate Change (Amendment) Bill, 2023 aims to integrate carbon markets into Kenya's climate response to attract investment and achieve low-cost emissions reductions. However, Natural Justice warns that without robust legislation, these markets could allow developed nations to continue burning fossil fuels while negatively impacting the global south. The document identifies several critical flaws in the Bill, including the removal of specific requirements for civil society and marginalized community representatives on the National Climate Change Council, which may contravene the Constitution of Kenya 2010. It also highlights a lack of clear role distinctions between national and county governments and insufficient procedures for effective public participation. Regarding the forestry sector, the Bill suggests that afforestation and reforestation will be part of an emissions trading system, necessitating strict monitoring of emissions. Natural Justice urges the government to delay implementing carbon market mechanisms until all necessary regulations are adopted through a transparent public participation process.

WRI India and the Kochi Municipal Corporation established the Kawaki initiative in 2021 to create urban forests in areas prone to flooding and extreme heat. The program uses a science-based approach, including participatory mapathons and household surveys, to identify planting sites and adaptation needs. These green spaces mitigate the urban heat island effect and reduce flood risks while providing employment for unskilled laborers. The city has integrated the program into its municipal budget and the Kochi City Master Plan 2040, shifting its strategy from rescue and recovery to long-term resilience planning.

The report by Friends of the Earth International outlines a framework for systemic change to address the interconnected crises of climate change, biodiversity loss, and social inequality. It identifies neoliberal capitalism, patriarchy, and colonialism as the root causes of these crises and proposes 'people's solutions' centered on gender justice, democratic energy systems, food sovereignty, community forest management, and a distributive economy. The document emphasizes the need to dismantle corporate power and reclaim political agency to ensure a future based on social, environmental, and gender justice.

The policy brief identifies a 'policy coherence gap' in the global green transition, where structural, long-term policies are being crowded out by unilateral industrial measures and short-term stimuli. It proposes that the G20 adopt a shared agenda to define and prioritize structural green reforms—such as natural capital investment and fossil fuel subsidy reform—to unlock concessionary financing and private investment for low-income and indebted countries. The authors present four options for G20 action, ranging from the status quo to a high-ambition multilateral framework that integrates debt-swap approaches and special drawing rights to facilitate a just transition.

The document outlines a comprehensive approach to integrating biodiversity co-benefits into nature-based solutions (NbS) for climate adaptation. It proposes a six-stage implementation cycle—ranging from system understanding and risk assessment to monitoring and learning—and emphasizes the need for a mix of biodiversity, structural, and functional indicators to measure success. The report highlights the importance of traditional knowledge, inclusive governance, and long-term monitoring to avoid socio-ecological trade-offs and ensure the sustainability of adaptation projects.

The report outlines a framework for integrating biodiversity co-benefits into the lifecycle of nature-based solutions (NbS) for climate adaptation. It emphasizes moving beyond simple area-coverage metrics toward indicators of ecosystem functioning and health. The authors advocate for a multidisciplinary approach that integrates Traditional Knowledge, human rights-based frameworks, and inclusive governance to avoid socio-ecological trade-offs. The document provides a step-by-step implementation cycle—from system understanding and risk assessment to monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL)—supported by a list of global standards and technical resources.

The document details the proceedings of the 2022 IISD Forum on Natural Infrastructure Performance and Metrics, focusing on the Canadian Prairies. It argues that while natural infrastructure (NI) is essential for water management, a lack of standardized metrics and economic valuation tools hinders its large-scale adoption. The report outlines a framework for scaling NI through improved data sharing, regional watershed-scale planning, the integration of Indigenous knowledge via 'Two-Eyed Seeing', and the use of economic valuation tools like SAVi to engage municipal decision-makers.

The document argues that coastal and island nations in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) are highly vulnerable to climate risks, such as cyclones and sea-level rise, and should adopt ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) as a cost-effective alternative to traditional engineering. While some progress exists, implementation is hindered by fragmented governance, lack of technical capacity, insufficient funding, and the exclusion of local communities. The brief recommends integrating specific EbA targets into 2025 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), aligning cross-sectoral policies, and utilizing a newly established regional community of practice to share best practices and coordinate a regional EbA strategy.

The Net Zero Stocktake 2023 reveals that while net zero targets now cover 92% of global GDP and 88% of global GHG emissions at the national level, the momentum for new national and subnational targets has slowed. In contrast, corporate target-setting continues to grow, with 929 Forbes Global 2000 companies now having targets. However, the report highlights a critical 'integrity gap': fewer than 5% of subnational and corporate targets meet the minimum 'starting line' criteria of the Race to Zero campaign. National targets have seen a significant shift toward formalization, with the share of targets enshrined in law or policy documents rising from less than 10% in December 2020 to 75% in 2023. The analysis also finds that no major fossil fuel producing countries or companies have committed to a full phase-out of fossil fuel extraction or production, and there is a growing but potentially problematic reliance on carbon dioxide removals (CDR) to meet targets.

The report evaluates three flood risk reduction scenarios in Thessaly, Greece: nature-based infrastructure (NBI), hybrid infrastructure, and grey infrastructure. Using the SAVi methodology, it finds that NBI—consisting of riparian forest and floodplain restoration—offers the highest benefit-to-cost ratio (2.9) over 25 years. Notably, the carbon storage value of NBI (EUR 12.8 million) exceeds the total implementation costs for both NBI (EUR 6.8 million) and hybrid options (EUR 9.3 million).

Kunburudhoo Island in the Maldives faces severe climate-induced loss and damage, primarily through beach erosion and groundwater salinization. Erosion has threatened critical infrastructure, including the island office and homes, while salinization has created an acute potable water shortage and hindered the growth of traditional crops like banana and breadfruit. Community members have attempted to mitigate these impacts by planting approximately 250 coconut trees and sea lettuce trees to stabilize the soil and create buffers against wind and waves. However, the document notes that these local efforts are limited by the island's small size and that international resilience indicators, such as GDP per capita, often cause such vulnerable communities to be overlooked for support.

The author asserts that while climate change threatens to reduce global GDP by 14% by 2050, investments in clean energy could boost global GDP by 4% by 2030. The text emphasizes the need for a nine-fold increase in clean energy investment relative to fossil fuels by 2030 to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. It highlights the role of Temasek in funding technology-based and nature-based solutions and closing financing gaps for sustainable infrastructure in Asia through Pentagreen Capital. The author calls for visionary government policies to provide the clarity needed for private sector investment in renewables, electrification, and energy efficiency.

The project aims to reduce GHG emissions by 4.5 million tCO2eq over five years and 18.2 million tCO2eq over 20 years while benefiting 157,000 vulnerable people. It addresses barriers including poverty-induced dependence on natural resources, financial constraints, and weak institutional capacity in dryland areas. The initiative focuses on three components: forest protection and restoration, development of forest-based value chains (such as bamboo, honey, and resins), and capacity building for local government and community organizations.

The report provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia's sustainable debt market, which reached USD 2.4 billion by the end of 2022. It details the dominance of green bonds, the emergence of sustainability-linked bonds, and the role of the Colombian Green Taxonomy in guiding investments. The document also examines the country's climate vulnerability, the policy framework for adaptation and resilience, and specific opportunities across economic sectors such as energy, transport, and construction to support a low-carbon transition.

As of the end of 2022, Colombia's GSS+ debt market totaled USD 2.4 billion, with green bonds being the most prominent segment at USD 1.3 billion. The market is characterized by a strong sovereign presence and a growing regulatory framework, including the pioneering Colombian Green Taxonomy. While the market is primarily domestic, there is significant potential for growth in hard-to-abate sectors through sustainability-linked bonds and in nature-based solutions for climate adaptation. The report recommends scaling sovereign issuance, establishing green securitization facilities, and expanding the taxonomy to include biodiversity and circular economy objectives.