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The report analyzes the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of China's role as a global leader in seafood production and processing. It identifies critical challenges including illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, resource depletion of high-value species, and the environmental impact of intensive aquaculture. Through case studies of tilapia, cod, and live reef food fish, the document highlights the need for improved traceability systems, alignment with international certification standards (such as MSC and BAP), and a transition toward low-carbon, eco-friendly production to maintain market access in the EU and US.

The IISD Energy Program provides practical guidance and research to help governments transition to low-carbon economies, reform fossil fuel subsidies, and implement international climate commitments. The program focuses on quantifying the economic impacts of electricity systems and promoting renewable energy, specifically noting that fossil fuel subsidies in Middle Eastern and African countries could fund the region's renewable energy targets through 2020.

The document analyzes how modern industrial policies—focused on the green transition, digital transformation, and supply chain security—often conflict with WTO rules established in the 1990s. It details specific frictions regarding subsidies, local content requirements, export restrictions, tariffs, and technology transfer. The authors highlight that while formal mandates for new rules are absent, informal dialogues and the Structured Dialogues on Trade and Environmental Sustainability (SDTES) are serving as critical forums for members to share experiences and test ideas. The text argues that the 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14) represents a key opportunity to address these systemic misalignments and ensure that the future of the multilateral trading system reflects the priorities of both developed and developing nations.

The report examines the limitations of traditional mining taxation—primarily corporate income tax and royalties—and suggests ten alternative policy mechanisms to improve revenue mobilization. These include minimum profit shares, production sharing contracts, state equity participation, commercial state-owned enterprises, variable royalties, the 'Sixth Method' for related-party pricing, carbon pricing to mitigate EU CBAM impacts, development turnover taxes for communities, competitive bidding for licenses, and remote monitoring for quarry production. It emphasizes the need for these tools to be adapted to local administrative capacities and the evolving demand for critical minerals.

The document argues that green bonds can help China meet its massive funding needs for a low-carbon economy while addressing systemic financial issues, such as over-reliance on short-term bank lending. It suggests that China can leverage its experience with Green Credit Guidelines to establish a robust market based on clear standards and independent verification. The report proposes a comprehensive action plan including public demonstration issuances, dual recourse structures for municipal bonds, green warehousing to aggregate small projects, and tax incentives. It emphasizes that these tools, combined with carbon pricing and the greening of development banks, could position China as a global leader in green capital markets.

The document examines the intersection of global climate goals, EU energy security, and the emergence of the Eastern Mediterranean as a potential gas hub. It analyzes the role of natural gas as a 'bridging fuel' for the EU, the geopolitical use of energy by Russia and Iran, and the commercial and political obstacles facing gas development in Israel, Cyprus, and Egypt, particularly following the discovery of the Zohr field.

The document examines China's balancing act in climate negotiations, where it seeks to maintain economic growth and energy security while transitioning toward a low-carbon economy. While China has implemented ambitious domestic policies to reduce energy intensity—driven largely by a need to decrease dependence on oil and coal imports—it remains cautious about committing to binding international targets that could undermine its development goals or subject its internal affairs to international verification. The briefing highlights the critical role of the US-China relationship and the necessity of financial and technical support from developed nations to accelerate China's emission peak.

The document provides a comprehensive analysis of carbon pricing mechanisms, specifically carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETS), within the Brazilian context. It evaluates international experiences, such as the EU ETS, to demonstrate that while short-term costs increase, long-term benefits include fostered innovation and business growth. The report details various macroeconomic studies on Brazil, suggesting that the negative impacts of emission restrictions can be minimized through revenue recycling and technological progress. It emphasizes the importance of Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) and recommends that the Brazilian government establish a transparent climate governance structure. For companies, it suggests incorporating climate change into corporate strategy and adopting internal carbon pricing as a risk management tool.

The We Mean Business coalition outlines eight key policy asks for the COP21 Paris Agreement to ensure the transition to a low carbon economy is "inevitable, irreversible and irresistible." The brief argues that a clear, ambitious legal framework is essential to provide the policy certainty businesses and investors need to allocate capital toward decarbonization. Key recommendations include a long-term goal of net zero emissions well before the end of the century, five-year cycles for strengthening national commitments, the adoption of meaningful carbon pricing, and the scaling of climate finance beyond the USD$100 billion annual pledge. The document also emphasizes the need for transparency, high-ambition national commitments, political parity between mitigation and adaptation, and enhanced private sector engagement in pre-2020 ambition through Workstream 2.

Based on data from 1,763 companies, the report shows that low-carbon investments, particularly in energy efficiency and renewables, can deliver significant internal rates of return (IRR). It highlights that 'forward-thinking' companies—those aligning targets with climate science—outperform peers financially. However, it notes that most corporate targets remain insufficient to meet the 2°C global temperature rise limit, calling for stable, long-term policy frameworks to incentivize more expensive, transformational decarbonization.

The report argues that Brazil must expand its climate mitigation efforts beyond forestry to include the energy sector, as emissions from energy and land use change are now roughly equal. It identifies the transport, industry, and power-generation sectors as the primary areas for abatement, specifically suggesting the expansion of wind and solar energy and the electrification and hybridization of the transport fleet.

The document addresses the need for targeted guidance for progressive Indian businesses adopting internal carbon pricing to manage climate risks and transition to a low-carbon economy, offering a seven-step implementation framework.

The report evaluates how companies are managing 'cutting-edge' climate issues, noting that while GHG target-setting and data verification have become more common, significant barriers remain. It argues that current corporate goals are insufficient for the scale of necessary emission reductions and outlines six strategic actions—including expanding GHG reporting, realigning value chains, and factoring climate risks into long-term investments—to establish a new benchmark for corporate leadership in a low-carbon future.

The report highlights the potential for the climate transition to create a net increase of 375 million jobs over the next decade, particularly in energy, construction, and the nature-based economy. It identifies three primary barriers: the lack of workforce integration in transition strategies, outdated skills systems, and insufficient short-term financing for human capital. To address these, the report introduces a 10-point Action Agenda centered on intentionality, innovation, and investment, calling for a global initiative to provide technical assistance and shared knowledge to help countries and industries implement these strategies.

The paper examines the role of the private sector in the Paris Agreement, arguing that clear policy signals are essential to shift investment patterns and avoid the risks of an incremental approach to emissions reductions. It suggests that the private sector should proactively shape these signals and align internal targets with a phase-out of emissions to benefit from the transition to a low-carbon economy.

The document introduces the green economy model (GEM) as a response to the analytical and knowledge gaps that hinder national climate ambition. The GEM is intended to improve the understanding of climate and socioeconomic linkages, provide decision-makers with policy development tools, and build technical capacity for low-carbon policymaking.

The ACT 2015 consortium argues that economic growth and climate action are now mutually reinforcing goals rather than conflicting choices. The document emphasizes that international cooperation via the UNFCCC negotiations for the Paris Agreement is essential to avoid devastating climate impacts that disproportionately affect poor and vulnerable populations.

The document argues that carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is a critical interim technology for developing countries to decouple fossil fuel use from CO2 emissions without disrupting national development goals. However, it notes that deployment in Africa, Asia, and Latin America is hindered by high costs and insufficient financing mechanisms. The paper advocates for accelerated CCS demonstration in non-OECD contexts to reduce technology risks and costs, aligning with the IEA CCS Roadmap's goal of 50 projects over 10 to 20 years.

The document outlines a framework for responsible corporate engagement in climate policy, emphasizing the need for businesses to align their government affairs and lobbying activities with their corporate responsibility commitments. It identifies five core elements of responsible engagement—legitimacy, opportunity, accountability, consistency, and transparency—and proposes three practical actions: identifying influences, aligning words with actions, and reporting on policy positions.

The paper analyzes 124 Chinese overseas investments in wind and solar energy across 33 countries, identifying that these investments are primarily driven by excess domestic manufacturing capacity, state-owned bank financing, and host-country incentives. While concentrated in developed nations like the US and Germany, investments also reach developing countries such as Ethiopia and Pakistan, with a significant portion focused on electricity generation via joint ventures.