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The document outlines a systematic map designed to identify research themes regarding the impact of climate risks on real estate valuation. It distinguishes between physical risks, such as the increasing frequency and magnitude of natural disasters affecting buildings and infrastructure, and transitional risks, which include policy initiatives, technological disruptions, market pressures, and reputational issues arising from the shift toward a greener economy.

The report identifies seven key vulnerabilities—health disparities, poverty, low educational attainment, poor infrastructure, housing insecurity, environmental harm, and lack of political voice—that characterize disenfranchised U.S. communities. It highlights how these factors compound, particularly for 'doubly vulnerable' populations, and argues that historical exploitation has created a legacy of mistrust that can hinder clean energy projects. The document also critiques current environmental justice screening tools for failing to account for cumulative risks and warns that energy transitions can inadvertently create new underserved communities if not managed equitably.

The document outlines the gender-based vulnerabilities in Haiti's climate-sensitive sectors—agriculture, health, infrastructure, and water—and assesses the legal and institutional frameworks for gender mainstreaming. It highlights significant disparities in land ownership, credit access, and decision-making power between men and women. To address these, the report proposes a gender mainstreaming strategy focusing on awareness, capacity building, inclusive institutional arrangements, and gender-sensitive budgeting, while recommending the integration of gender experts into the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) and municipal planning processes.

The report identifies systemic gender inequalities in Haiti—particularly regarding land ownership, credit access, and decision-making power—that increase the vulnerability of women and girls to climate change. It assesses the legal and institutional framework, noting that while gender units exist in ministries, they lack sufficient climate change expertise and coordination with the Ministry of Environment. The document proposes a four-axis strategy focusing on awareness, capacity building, institutional strengthening, and gender-responsive budgeting to ensure that climate adaptation benefits are equitably distributed.

The document details the challenges faced by the semi-nomadic Brokpa community in Merak, Bhutan, following an unprecedented heavy snowfall in the winter of 2022. It focuses on Ms. Pema Wangmo, a shopkeeper and mother who experienced the destruction of her greenhouse and the threat of roof collapses. The case study emphasizes the role of community support in rebuilding and argues for the necessity of steel-based infrastructure and better communication networks to enhance resilience against worsening climate impacts in remote highland areas.

The document analyzes the transition from the 'Angola model'—characterized by infrastructure-for-resources swaps—to a 'Hunan model' centered on the Hunan province's comparative advantages. This new approach focuses on agricultural technology, construction machinery, and digital trade to foster a more diversified economic relationship between China and Africa, implemented through national platforms like the China–Africa Economic and Trade Exhibition (CAETE) and the China–Africa Economic and Trade Deep Cooperation Zone.

The report analyzes the DRC's development challenges, including endemic corruption, high fertility rates, and severe infrastructure deficits. It argues that while the country possesses immense mineral and agricultural wealth, it suffers from the 'paradox of plenty.' The analysis suggests that a comprehensive strategy combining improved governance, human capital investment, agricultural intensification, and economic diversification could significantly reduce extreme poverty and increase GDP by 2050 compared to the current trajectory.

China's engagement in the Middle East is fundamentally driven by the need for energy security, as it imports approximately half of its crude oil from the region. To mitigate vulnerabilities, Beijing utilizes the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to invest in infrastructure and digital technology, while balancing diplomatic ties between Saudi Arabia and Iran. China has recently acted as a mediator in the Saudi-Iran relationship and is expanding its arms trade, offering alternatives to US weapons. Following the escalation of the Israel-Hamas conflict, China has shifted its approach to favor Palestine and Arab states, viewing its ties with Israel as increasingly expendable to better align with the Global South.

The Republic of Haiti developed its first National Adaptation Plan (NAP) for the period 2022–2030, led by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Planning and External Cooperation with support from the Green Climate Fund and UNDP. The plan identifies priority adaptation sectors including water, health, agriculture, and infrastructure, and estimates a minimum implementation cost of USD 980 million.

Saint Lucia's National Adaptation Plan (NAP) is a 10-year participatory process led by the Department of Sustainable Development to build resilience across eight priority sectors. The process integrates various tools, including a Climate Financing Strategy and Private Sector Engagement Strategy, and has reached milestones such as the publication of the first NAP Progress Report in 2022 and Green Climate Fund project approval in 2023.

Ghana's National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process, coordinated by the Environmental Protection Agency and guided by the 2018 NAP Framework, aims to reduce climate vulnerability and integrate adaptation into national policies. The process employs a hybrid approach to foster cross-sectoral collaboration across national and sub-national levels, targeting priority sectors such as agriculture, health, and energy to address impacts like flooding, droughts, and sea level rise. Key milestones between 2018 and 2023 include the submission of the Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC, the launch of a GCF NAP Readiness project, and the completion of gender integration and policy coherence reports.

Benin has been implementing its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process since 2013, focusing on integrating climate adaptation into national, local, and sectoral development planning. The process has involved national consultations via the National Committee on Climate Change (CNCC) and the integration of adaptation goals into the National Development Plan, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets, and various communal development plans. Key climate impacts identified include floods, sea-level rise, droughts, and excessive heat, affecting priority sectors such as agriculture, health, ecosystems, infrastructure, freshwater resources, energy, coastal zones, and tourism.

The analysis reveals that only 24% of the 67 sampled countries demonstrated a climate risk responsive recovery. A significant paradox was identified: a country's income level was a stronger determinant of whether it used COVID-19 funds for adaptation than its actual climate vulnerability. High-income countries were more likely to integrate physical climate risks into their recovery plans, while the most vulnerable countries were the least likely to do so, with only Kenya and Vanuatu among the 20 most vulnerable countries approving explicit adaptation actions. Most responsive measures focused on water resources management, disaster prevention, infrastructure, and nature-based solutions, primarily targeting drought and flooding.

The document examines how a lack of international diplomatic activity since the 2017 Crans Montana talks has allowed 'faits accomplis' to emerge in north Cyprus, specifically through a massive construction boom and demographic shifts. It argues that these changes make the island's division increasingly irreversible and recommends a pragmatic, incremental strategy to jumpstart negotiations.

The document assesses the impact of Chinese infrastructure funding and construction in the Global South, specifically comparing experiences in Africa and Southeast Asia. It identifies systemic failures in transparency, land acquisition, and long-term sustainability planning, while noting that Chinese contractors often follow the 'host country principle' of adhering to local norms. The brief argues that while China is shifting toward 'green development' and smaller projects due to debt distress and domestic policy changes, the primary responsibility for higher ESG standards lies with recipient governments. Key recommendations include the creation of joint ESG dialogue platforms between the AU and ASEAN, the normalization of publishing loan contracts, and the fast-tracking of local capacity-building plans.

The document outlines a comprehensive framework for monitoring and evaluating climate change adaptation in Vietnam. It details a six-step M&E process, provides specific indicators for central and local government levels across multiple sectors, and describes the operation of an online reporting system managed by the Department of Climate Change.

The report documents the extensive and lasting impacts of the Boliden mine (operated 1976–1988) and the resulting road infrastructure on the Voernese sameby. Key findings highlight significant pasture loss, increased costs and workload for herders due to tourism and traffic, and the marginalization of Sámi knowledge in decision-making processes. The study argues that the state's failure to protect Sámi rights allows colonial exploitation of resources to persist, as evidenced by inadequate compensation and the ongoing pressure from new mining proposals by Vilhelmina Mineral.

Haiti has launched its first National Adaptation Plan (NAP) for 20222030, focusing on agriculture, water, health, and infrastructure. The plan identifies 340 adaptation actions, with 21 designated as priority actions requiring a minimum of USD 980 million in funding. Implementation depends on strengthening human capacities, adopting climate technologies, and establishing a monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) system. The document stresses that inclusive governance involving universities, the private sector, civil society, and local governments is essential for success, with a specific focus on gender mainstreaming and the role of the National Committee on Climate Change (CNCC).

The 2022 Theme 2 Assessment of the Forest Declaration finds that the world is not on track to meet 2030 forest goals or 2025 zero-deforestation targets for agricultural supply chains. While commodity-driven tree cover loss declined by 6% in 2021 compared to 2018-20, rates remain higher than in any year before 2016. The report highlights a significant gap between government 'green growth' agendas and actual investment, noting that trillions of dollars are mobilized for infrastructure like the Belt and Road Initiative while global public investments in forest goals are only USD 2.3 billion per year. In the private sector, only a quarter of major agricultural companies have ambitious policies to eliminate deforestation, and less than 20% of companies disclosing to CDP report near full compliance. The extractives sector shows even lower transparency and a lack of explicit forest-focused policies. Grassroots resistance, led by Indigenous Peoples and local communities, has achieved some successes, such as a temporary moratorium on new concessions in Ecuador, but defenders face high rates of violence, with over 200 killed in 2021.

The report examines BNDES's role in the Legal Amazon from 2009 to 2019, finding that while the North Region receives the highest share of disbursements relative to its GDP, it receives the lowest total share of BNDES funds. Financing is heavily concentrated in large-scale infrastructure, specifically hydroelectric power generation, which often serves the rest of Brazil while local populations remain energy-poor. The authors argue that BNDES has a significant opportunity to pivot toward the energy transition by replacing diesel-based isolated systems with renewable energy and improving basic services like sanitation and internet access to reduce regional inequality.