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This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the 'Energy Efficiency Milan Covenant of Mayors' program, an initiative administered by the Province of Milan to retrofit public school buildings using 'pure' Energy Performance Contracts (EPC). The program aims to achieve energy savings of at least 20% and annual emission reductions of approximately 9,000 tCO2, utilizing third-party financing from the European Investment Bank (EIB) and technical assistance from the ELENA program. While the program successfully tested standard EPCs in the Italian market and moved investments off municipal balance sheets, it faced significant delays and barriers due to existing bundled ESCO business models and banking uncertainties regarding energy efficiency collateral.

This report, authored by Jessica Robinson of the Asia Sustainable Investment Association (ASrIA) for the 'Greening China's Financial Markets' project, examines how policy and regulatory innovations can incentivize the investment industry to integrate sustainability, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into their strategies. It identifies systemic barriers such as 'short-termism' and a lack of standardized data, and proposes solutions including the reform of compensation structures, the implementation of carbon pricing, and the use of green investment banks to mobilize private capital for a low-carbon transition.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes policy failures in the governance, accountability, and transparency of financial market actors and proposes policy innovations to advance green finance, specifically focusing on how China can adopt these measures to green its financial markets.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the financial sustainability of public-private partnerships (PPPs) used to address infrastructure deficits. It details the mechanisms of project finance, including the use of Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) and high gearing ratios, while cautioning that PPPs are not a substitute for government budgets as public funds eventually cover the costs. The document also explores how PPP contracts can be designed to achieve broader environmental and social sustainability goals.

This policy brief examines the potential and limitations of using private sector finance to support climate change adaptation in developing countries. It argues that while private finance has historically focused on mitigation, there is an emerging market for adaptation-specific products like 'climate bonds'. The document highlights that debt is a more versatile instrument than equity for adaptation projects and suggests that public finance is essential to bridge gaps in project visibility and to ensure funds reach the poorest countries, which are often overlooked by private investors.

This guide outlines the eligibility criteria for residential and commercial buildings in Mexico to be certified under the Climate Bonds Standard, focusing on emissions intensity trajectories and Minergie certification requirements.

NAB is offering a ~$200 million Shared Portfolio of senior loans to Australian wind and solar projects, distributed via amortising Portfolio Notes. This initiative is part of a broader A$8 billion commitment by NAB to finance the transition to a low carbon economy by 2022, alongside targets to reduce its own emissions by 21% by 2025.

DNV GL Business Assurance Australia Pty Ltd provided a pre-issuance verification assurance opinion for Westpac Banking Corporation's Green Tailored Deposit product, confirming its alignment with the Climate Bonds Standard Version 2.1.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative synthesizes survey results from 15 Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) and Development Banks (DBs) from developed countries to evaluate their role in scaling up green and climate investments. It analyzes 2012 financial commitments, identifies barriers to scaling investment, and examines the institutions' approach to fossil fuel financing and risk management.

This document records the public consultation feedback and the subsequent responses/actions taken by the Climate Policy Initiative regarding the FAST-Infra Sustainable Infrastructure (SI) Label Framework. It details how stakeholder suggestions on governance, reporting frequency, environmental and social criteria, and the role of the Secretariat have been integrated into the revised framework to ensure the label is credible, ambitious, and applicable to both developed and emerging markets.

The briefing describes FAST-Infra (Finance to Accelerate the Sustainable Transition – Infrastructure), a public-private partnership designed to increase private investment in sustainable infrastructure within developing countries. The initiative focuses on creating a sustainable infrastructure labeling system and developing four specific market mechanisms to mobilize capital.

The FX Hedging Facility is a customizable currency hedging product designed by the India Innovation Lab for Green Finance to reduce the costs of currency risk for foreign investors in India's renewable energy sector. By targeting 'tail risk' (extreme currency depreciation) rather than overall currency risk, the facility aims to mobilize foreign investment more efficiently than traditional subsidies or commercial cross-currency swaps.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative details the 2018 green finance commitments of the International Development Finance Club (IDFC) member institutions, noting a decrease in total commitments compared to 2017 but a significant increase in adaptation finance.

Loans4SME is a proposed technology-driven peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platform designed to provide debt financing for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) focusing on renewable energy and energy efficiency in India, bypassing traditional banking barriers such as collateral and profitability requirements.

This fact sheet by the Climate Policy Initiative proposes the creation of a California Green Bank to leverage private capital for clean energy technologies. It suggests using revenues from carbon emissions allowance auctions to fund a quasi-public institution that would address financing gaps for homeowners, small businesses, and innovators, thereby accelerating the state's transition to a low-carbon economy.

This fact sheet by the Climate Policy Initiative explores how a proposed California green bank could use carbon emissions allowance revenues to accelerate renewable energy and energy efficiency. It identifies opportunities to expand financing for underserved homeowners, support small businesses and public entities, and scale up clean energy innovations, such as electric grid storage.

This fact sheet describes P50 Risk Solutions, an insurance product developed by the India Innovation Lab for Green Finance to mitigate weather variability risks in the wind energy sector. The product guarantees a minimum revenue level to reduce volatility and lower the cost of capital, but analysis indicates it is not commercially viable on its own and fails to significantly attract new investment sources in the current Indian market.

This white paper by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the exposure of the Indian financial sector to climate-related risks and outlines a pathway for integration and product innovation. It highlights the vulnerability of India's economy to climate change, the current gaps in risk management and data within the banking, insurance, and capital markets, and provides a framework for implementing climate stress tests and disclosures aligned with international standards like the TCFD.

This scoping study, prepared by Enviro Consulting International for FSD Africa, analyzes the supply and demand for green finance targeting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Morocco. It identifies a significant gap between the ambitious climate targets set in Morocco's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and the available financial instruments, which are currently concentrated in the industrial and agricultural sectors and primarily focused on energy efficiency and renewable energy. The report recommends strengthening the regulatory and tax frameworks, improving SME governance, and designing new instruments such as a credit guarantee facility or a dedicated green equity fund to catalyze the transition to a green economy.

This case study by GreenCape examines the application of a power purchase and rental agreement (PP-RA) model to finance a 250.8 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) system for a Pick n Pay retail outlet in Brackenfell, Cape Town. The model allows a solar developer to finance, install, and maintain the system on a property owner's roof in exchange for rental payments, while the tenant purchases the generated electricity via a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA).