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The document argues that the steel sector can be almost fully decarbonised by 2050 through a combination of hydrogen-based direct reduced iron (HDRI), carbon capture and storage (CCS), increased steel recycling, and material efficiency. It warns that to avoid stranded assets and catastrophic climate impacts, new blast furnaces without CCS must not be added and existing ones must not be relined after 2025. Policy interventions are required to provide clean electricity and green hydrogen, create lead markets, and implement carbon pricing, with a suggested price of around US$70 to avoid 1.3 Gt CO2 of emissions by 2030. International cooperation, such as the Glasgow Breakthrough on Steel, is highlighted as essential because demand growth is primarily driven by developing economies in Asia.

The report analyzes the energy transition of the Galápagos Islands, focusing on the total elimination of fossil fuels by 2040. It evaluates four demand sectors—residential, commercial/public, land transport, and maritime transport—and proposes three levels of policy ambition (Low, Medium, and High). Key strategies include replacing LPG with induction stoves and solar water heaters, electrifying land transport, and implementing a mix of slow steaming, wind-assisted propulsion, and biofuels for the maritime fleet. On the supply side, the report models the transition to 100% renewable electricity using solar PV, wind, Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), and geothermal energy. It concludes that while technological substitutions are generally cost-effective, structural infrastructure changes in buildings are not. The report also highlights the role of national subsidies and proposes an 'Eco Tax' for tourists to fund the transition.

The report argues that for a climate regime to be politically viable, it must protect the right of the global poor to develop. Using the Greenhouse Development Rights (GDR) framework, it calculates Sweden's obligation as a share of global effort based on a 'Responsibility Capacity Index' (RCI). The analysis finds that Sweden's obligation is significantly higher than current political targets, requiring a 'two-fold obligation' of deep domestic emission cuts and substantial international investments to enable decarbonized development in the global South.

The report argues that transitioning from national energy self-sufficiency to an integrated regional power system in Central Asia would enhance energy security, lower electricity production costs, and accelerate decarbonization. Modelling indicates that 'Unlimited transmission' could reduce electricity production emissions intensity by approximately 3% and save 1.4 billion USD in annual costs by 2050 compared to self-sufficiency. The document highlights the potential for Kazakhstan to become a hydrogen hub (primarily via 'blue' hydrogen) and for Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan to provide baseload hydropower. To achieve this, the report proposes a roadmap integrating technical, political, financial, and organizational considerations.

The report analyzes the feasibility of decarbonizing Estonia's electricity production, which was 86.39% dependent on oil shale in 2013. Using the LEAP model and multi-criteria analysis, it compares several scenarios, finding that a 'LowCO2' path could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 90% compared to 1990 levels by 2050. Achieving this requires phasing out oil shale subsidies, investing in grid interconnections with Latvia and Sweden, and significantly increasing support for energy efficiency and distributed renewable generation.

The report argues that the sustainability transition creates 'creative destruction' where new technologies and business models render existing assets economically unusable. It proposes a three-step methodology: identifying disruptions and scenarios, testing for negative growth dynamics, and mapping asset-type implications. Applying this to Europe, the authors identify up to €750 billion in assets at risk across three sectors. The European electricity sector serves as a historical case study, having suffered €130 billion in impairments between 2010 and 2015. In the automotive sector, up to €243 billion is at risk due to the combined impact of electric vehicles, autonomy, and car sharing. The apparel industry faces risks primarily in real estate and intangible brand value due to e-commerce and supply-chain ESG issues. The report concludes that traditional ESG analysis is insufficient and must be integrated with financial value assessments to capture non-linear disruption risks.

The Coalition of Trade Ministers on Climate has established a framework of voluntary actions to integrate trade policy with climate goals. Key priorities include fostering dialogue between trade, climate, and finance ministers, engaging with the WTO on sustainable development, and providing technical assistance to vulnerable developing countries. The menu also emphasizes cooperation on green technologies, decarbonisation standards, and private sector engagement to build resilient supply chains.

The document analyzes the socio-economic dependence of Barrancabermeja on the oil industry and explores pathways for economic diversification to mitigate the risks of the energy transition. It identifies key opportunities in regenerative agriculture, low-emission hydrogen, and carbon capture, while warning that abrupt reductions in oil production could destabilize the local economy.

The document identifies five key areas for international financial reform to support Latin America: improving immediate liquidity through Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), redefining access to private capital via guarantees and Multilateral Development Banks, utilizing debt-for-nature swaps for sustainable debt, implementing an SDG Stimulus for affordable long-term financing, and decentralizing governance in international financial institutions. It argues that the region must unify its voice to ensure these reforms are viewed as a moral obligation to mitigate climate crises rather than concessions from the Global North.

The document defines a just energy transition (TEJ) as a series of changes in energy planning, generation, distribution, and consumption aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring equity and inclusion. It highlights Latin America's potential as a global leader in renewable energy due to its natural resources and strategic minerals. The text argues that the TEJ must be a long-term state priority rather than a government one, requiring public policies that foster community participation, social and environmental safeguards, and the diversification of energy sources and local economic activities to ensure no one is left behind.

The document analyzes the feasibility and impact of electrifying residential thermal uses in Colombia, specifically replacing gas stoves and water heaters with electric induction and instant heaters. Using a simulation model, it identifies economic, cultural, and technical barriers to adoption and argues that an immediate shift to total electrification is more cost-effective than a mixed transition. It highlights the risk of gas supply shortages by 2038 and recommends public policies, such as equipment substitution programs and local value chain strengthening, to accelerate a just energy transition.

The document uses a System Dynamics simulation model to project the Colombian vehicle fleet's evolution from 2025 to 2050. It finds that while annual GNV consumption is projected to decrease by approximately 43% by 2050, the fuel will not disappear on its own due to systemic inertia and the gradual replacement of vehicles. The analysis highlights that traditional buses may actually see an increase in GNV vehicles due to decentralized decision-making and high initial costs of electric alternatives. Cumulatively, the transport sector would demand over 40 billion cubic meters of GNV and emit more than 70 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2050, which represents a significant portion of Colombia's NDC 3.0 commitments. The brief concludes that maintaining GNV demand creates a financial burden of over 200 trillion constant pesos and pressures limited national gas reserves, suggesting that a clear public direction toward zero-emission technologies is necessary to avoid long-term fossil fuel lock-in.

The document analyzes four scenarios for the decommissioning of coal and gas plants in Colombia, finding that while average energy balances remain positive, significant deficits in 'firm energy' (guaranteed supply during critical periods like droughts) would emerge. The most severe deficit of 37.9% by 2038 is projected under both synchronous and sequential phase-out scenarios. To mitigate these risks, the report argues for additional renewable capacity beyond current plans, improved transmission infrastructure, and the implementation of battery energy storage systems (BESS).

The document examines the risk of 'stranded assets'—assets that lose economic value before the end of their useful life—driven by climate regulations and the global transition to low-carbon economies. It highlights that Latin America, despite low emissions, holds significant fossil fuel reserves that may become unexploitable to meet the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C target. For Colombia, the risk is acute due to a high economic dependence on oil, gas, and coal exports. The report provides a qualitative framework for investors to identify these risks and points toward renewable energy, specifically solar photovoltaics and wind, as profitable alternatives.

The research evaluates climate governance across 12 intergovernmental fora, including the G7, G20, ASEAN, and AU, using a framework of five functions: Guidance and Signal, Rules to Guide Collective Action, Transparency and Accountability, Means of Implementation, and Knowledge and Learning. The analysis of 1,412 references reveals that while most fora have adopted long-term decarbonization visions and medium-term targets, the strength of these signals varies. Informal groups, particularly the G7 and G20, provide the most significant contributions. Key strengths include commitments to the Paris Agreement and joint R&D, while critical weaknesses are found in transparency and accountability mechanisms, as well as a lack of actionable policy coordination. Some signals, such as the promotion of gas as a transition fuel or the image of coal, are noted as potentially contradictory to Paris Agreement goals.

The document identifies critical bottlenecks in Colombia's energy transition, specifically in transmission infrastructure and licensing, which cause project delays of three to six years. It argues that while capital is available, there is a shortage of bankable, large-scale projects. To bridge a projected annual investment gap of 27.7 billion COP (approximately 7.5 billion USD) in clean energy for 2026-2030, the report recommends utilizing blended finance, asset securitization, and a dedicated economic transition fund to support regions dependent on fossil fuels, where 448,000 jobs are at risk by 2035.

The document explains the mechanics of carbon credits, distinguishing between regulated markets under the Paris Agreement and voluntary markets. It highlights that while Latin America and the Caribbean accounted for 22% of global carbon credit sales in 2021, the region lacks the robust regulation needed to prevent environmental and social risks. The guide warns against over-reliance on the forestry sector, the risk of 'greenwashing' in voluntary markets, and the potential for 'double counting' of emission reductions. It recommends establishing transparent national registries, ensuring fair benefit-sharing with local communities, and prioritizing structural decarbonization over simple offsetting.

The document serves as a journalistic guide to the just energy transition in Colombia. It distinguishes between the country's clean electrical matrix and its fossil-fuel-dependent energy matrix, highlighting the potential for non-conventional renewable energy sources (FNCER) and the strategic importance of transition minerals like copper and lithium. It argues that a just transition must protect social and environmental rights and suggests that decarbonization offers greater employment opportunities than continuing with natural gas. The guide also addresses the environmental risks of mining and the specific case of Vaca Muerta in Argentina as a cautionary example of non-conventional hydrocarbon extraction.

The report identifies the 'Toxic Twenty' coal-fired power plants in Indonesia, estimating that between 2026 and 2050, they will cause 156,000 premature deaths and USD 109 billion in health-related economic losses. It argues that these plants create a net economic drain, reducing regional GDP and destroying livelihoods in agriculture and fisheries, while criticizing the government's reliance on 'false solutions' like biomass co-firing to extend the life of fossil fuel infrastructure.

The document outlines a framework for a just energy transition in Indonesia, advocating for a shift from extractive, centralized energy systems to regenerative, democratic ones. It demands transparency in funding mechanisms like JETP, the protection of human rights and indigenous land sovereignty, and the phased closure of all coal-fired power plants (PLTU) by 2040. The authors call for the rejection of 'false solutions' such as gas, nuclear energy, and carbon capture, while urging the government to implement inclusive green jobs and a bottom-up approach to renewable energy infrastructure.