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This research paper analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on climate finance and action implementation across 17 developing countries, finding that the pandemic has widened the gap between available resources and the funding required to meet Paris Agreement goals.

This report by the World Resources Institute analyzes the access of Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPs and LCs) to payments for ecosystem services (PES) based on a review of 129 programs across 36 countries and a case study in Guatemala. It identifies systemic barriers to equitable participation and provides a multi-tiered framework of recommendations to improve rights recognition, representation, and financial benefits for these communities.

This guide by the World Resources Institute provides a framework for countries to describe the fairness and ambition of their intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) ahead of COP21. It suggests a descriptive narrative using quantitative and qualitative indicators to enhance international transparency, comparability, and trust.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute outlines the challenges and necessary actions required to advance the Paris Agreement's goals of achieving a zero-carbon and resilient world.

This policy brief examines whether industrialized nations should use development assistance funds to directly finance Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, ultimately recommending a prohibition on aid-funded credit-earning projects.

This guide from the World Resources Institute explains the technical requirements for ex-ante climate finance information under the Paris Agreement Rulebook, detailing the types of data to be communicated, the responsible entities, the biennial timeline, and how this information links to other Paris Agreement mechanisms.

This technical note by the World Resources Institute analyzes public climate finance contributions from developed countries between 2013 and 2018 to assess progress toward the $100 billion annual goal established in the 2009 Copenhagen Accord.

The report 'Adapting from the Ground Up' by the World Resources Institute outlines strategies to integrate small businesses, specifically micro and small enterprises (MSEs), into climate change adaptation efforts in developing countries to enhance both business and community resilience.

This technical note describes the data and methodology for the Climate Finance Requirements Tracker, a tool developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) to monitor climate finance needs as stated in countries' nationally determined contributions (NDCs).

This working paper by the World Resources Institute (WRI) analyzes the resource allocation approaches of 15 climate, environment, and development funds to provide design recommendations for the Green Climate Fund's (GCF) allocation system.

This paper explores the difficulties of delivering adaptation finance to the most vulnerable people and introduces a framework to assess delivery. It highlights that while international climate finance to developing countries increased between 2008 and 2012 to meet UNFCCC commitments, and developing governments have increased their own spending, questions remain regarding how this money is used and if it reaches the local level. The Adaptation Finance Accountability Initiative (AFAI) addresses these questions by analyzing finance flows in Nepal, the Philippines, Uganda, and Zambia.

The World Resources Institute presents a set of suggestions for the legal text of the 2015 Paris Agreement, developed by the Agreement for Climate Transformation (ACT) Consortium. The proposal advocates for a holistic approach linking mitigation, adaptation, and support through five-year cycles of continuous improvement and a long-term goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions.

This research paper examines the role of local financial institutions (LFIs) in Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania in scaling up financing for the Productive Use of Renewable Energy (PURE) sector. It identifies significant demand for PURE technologies, particularly in agriculture, but notes that high up-front costs and LFI constraints—such as limited staff capacity and credit risks—hinder adoption. The paper suggests that LFIs can expand lending through green bonds, climate fund accreditation, and by increasing direct lending from their own balance sheets, supported by blended finance and de-risking instruments from development partners.

This working paper by the World Resources Institute explores how climate finance can catalyze transformational change in low-carbon energy. By analyzing 20 case studies from developed and developing countries, the paper identifies the characteristics of systemic transformation, evaluates specific national experiences, and provides a planning framework and recommendations for recipient governments and development finance institutions.

This testimony provided to the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services by the World Resources Institute (WRI) evaluates a proposed $2 billion U.S. appropriation over five years for a World Bank-administered Clean Technology Fund (CTF). The WRI argues that while the funding is a significant step toward U.S. leadership in climate change, it is small compared to the trillions needed globally. The document outlines three primary guidelines for the CTF: prioritizing transformative zero-carbon technologies over marginally cleaner fossil fuels, leveraging the fund to reform the core energy portfolios of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), and adhering to the principles of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regarding transparency, inclusivity, and additional funding.

The World Resources Institute report 'Making Adaptation Count' provides a practical framework for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems to track the success and failure of climate adaptation initiatives within development contexts.

This guide from the World Resources Institute outlines various instruments for raising public finance to support climate goals, focusing on international public finance, climate bonds, debt-for-climate swaps, and national climate funds. It details how these mechanisms can help developing countries fill funding gaps for their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the benefits and challenges associated with each, and provides real-world examples of their implementation.

The 'Glossary of Financing Instruments' is a reference guide produced by the World Resources Institute (WRI) to assist public sector decision-makers in evaluating financing options to support private sector climate change mitigation projects in developing countries.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute proposes a rigorous methodology for assessing whether electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) investments align with the Paris Agreement, specifically aiming to integrate this screening process into the investment decisions and portfolios of development finance institutions.

This fact sheet describes a mapping of financial instruments used by development financial institutions, export credit agencies, and climate funds to support private sector climate change mitigation and adaptation projects in developing countries.