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The document outlines a socio-technical research project under the EU Horizon 2020 TRANSrisk initiative to identify pathways for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from heavy-duty vehicles in Sweden. It highlights the challenges of road freight decarbonization compared to personal vehicles and examines various technological options, including biofuels, battery electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cells, and electric road systems (ERS). The project utilizes stakeholder workshops and quantitative modelling to develop scenarios that align with Sweden's goal of a fossil-fuel independent transport sector by 2030 and zero net emissions by 2045.

The document provides executive summaries of national reports for Bulgaria, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Serbia, and the UK. It evaluates various energy efficiency scenarios—including Business as Usual (BAU) and those incorporating the impact of socio-economic barriers—using LEAP modelling and a Decision Support Tool (DST). The analysis consistently shows that while ambitious energy efficiency measures can meet EU targets, the presence of socio-economic barriers significantly reduces potential energy savings and GHG reductions across most studied countries and sectors.

RMI proposes that a nearly 100 percent renewable energy system is achievable by the mid-2050s by applying market adoption 'S-curves' seen in previous industrial revolutions to clean energy technologies. The briefing emphasizes that the transition is driven by declining costs, electrification of end-uses, and decentralized adoption rather than solely by government mandates. To meet the 1.5°C target, the document asserts that the energy sector must be paired with high-impact measures in the agricultural, forestry, and land-use (AFOLU) sectors to create net carbon sinks by mid-century.

The proposal seeks US$12.222 million from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) as part of a total investment of US$34.148 million to establish a fund for green MSMEs in South Africa. The project utilizes supply chain finance (SCF), where credit decisions are based on the creditworthiness of the buyer rather than the MSME, to overcome chronic lack of access to finance due to insufficient collateral and track records. The fund targets sectors including renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and energy efficiency, aiming to reduce lifetime CO2 emissions by 33,001,833 tons and support over 30,000 jobs. The Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) serves as the accredited entity, with SCF Capital Solutions as the fund manager.

The study finds that the penetration of flex-fuel vehicles increased competition among fuel stations, leading to a reduction in retail prices and margins for both ethanol and gasoline. The effect was more pronounced for ethanol. While the price correlation between the two fuels increased, the authors found no strong evidence that the price spread between gasoline and ethanol decreased as flex-fuel adoption grew. Structural estimation suggests that pass-through from costs to prices is approximately 0.5, consistent with oligopoly theory.

The report argues that CETA fails to be a 'gold standard' for the environment, citing weak enforcement of environmental commitments, the risks posed by the Investment Court System (ICS), and the potential for increased imports of carbon-intensive tar sands oil. It highlights a lack of transparency in negotiations and suggests that the agreement's regulatory cooperation and domestic regulation chapters could hinder the EU's ability to implement ambitious climate and environmental policies.

The document introduces agent-based modelling (ABM) as a bottom-up approach to study complex social and environmental systems by simulating the interactions of autonomous agents. It argues that ABM is particularly useful for problems involving decentralized interactions and non-linear dynamics where traditional top-down models fail. The authors highlight ABM's potential as a stakeholder engagement tool and its ability to be integrated with qualitative and quantitative methods like GIS and social network analysis. Four case studies are presented: disaster resilience in Turkey, agroforestry adaptation in Cameroon, biodiesel transitions in Malaysia, and artisanal fisheries management in Kenya.

The statement by Amigos de la Tierra de América Latina y el Caribe (ATALC) denounces the killings of José Ángel Flores and Silmer Dionisio George in Honduras. It attributes this violence to a 'state of exception' characterized by extreme militarization and the influence of transnational capital and international trade treaties that promote monocultures for biofuels, bananas, and sugar cane, leading to the criminalization of human rights and environmental defenders.

The 'Green Business Area' in Konseguela, Mali, is a pilot project by GERES that provides 11 rural businesses with electricity via a 12.5 kWp hybrid mini-grid using solar photovoltaics and locally produced agro-fuels. The project utilizes bioclimatic construction and a pricing model based on space rental and energy sales, creating 24 direct jobs within its first year of operation.

The report examines Colombia's struggle to transition toward green growth while remaining heavily dependent on oil and coal exports. It highlights a fragmented state where ministries tied to extractive industries often oppose environmental regulations. While the country has a low-carbon electricity grid dominated by hydropower, it is vulnerable to climate-induced droughts, leading to a push for thermal power and fracking. The report suggests linking renewable energy incentives to post-conflict rural development and leveraging a vanguard of sustainable private sector companies to drive a national transition.

The document analyzes how neoliberal trade and investment frameworks, characterized by 'mega-regional' agreements and bilateral investment treaties, prioritize corporate profitability over human rights and ecological sustainability. It contrasts the 'agro-industry' model—which emphasizes large-scale production of 'flexible crops' for export and financial gain—with 'agroecology,' which focuses on small-scale producers, biodiversity, and the social function of land. The report highlights the role of the European Union in driving this industrial model, particularly in Africa, and recommends a systemic shift toward policies that protect small-scale farmers, recognize land as a common good, and hold transnational corporations accountable for human rights violations.

The report examines how the neoliberal trade and investment regime prioritizes the economic profitability of transnational corporations (TNCs) over human rights and food security. It contrasts the 'Agribusiness Model', characterized by large-scale monocrops and investor protections, with an 'Agroecology Model' based on food sovereignty and environmental justice. The document highlights how specific legal clauses in trade agreements—such as National Treatment and Investor-State dispute settlement—create a 'regulatory chilling-effect' that prevents states from protecting small-scale producers. It specifically identifies the European Union as a driver of this system through its trade strategies and funding of agroindustrial projects in Africa. The report concludes with recommendations to reform investment regimes, prioritize small-scale producers, and establish legally binding instruments to hold TNCs accountable for human rights violations.

The Climate Accountability Scorecard evaluates the climate-related actions and disclosures of several major fossil fuel companies, including BP, Shell, ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Arch Coal, CONSOL Energy, and Peabody Energy. The report assigns scores based on criteria such as support for the Paris Agreement, the use of internal carbon pricing, and the transparency of greenhouse gas emissions reporting. Findings indicate a widespread lack of company-wide emissions reduction plans and varying levels of transparency regarding low-carbon research and development investments.

The author contends that the RFS2 biofuel mandate leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions because increased fuel supply lowers prices, encouraging higher overall consumption. Citing a study by Hill et al., the text asserts that even with a conservative 50% gasoline displacement rate, the RFS2 is projected to result in a cumulative increase of 431 million metric tons of CO2 from 2006 to 2022.

The research analyzes how climate finance investments generate economic value added not only in recipient countries but also in third countries through international trade, termed 'spill-overs'. Using a GMRIO model, the study finds that on average 28.6% of the total economic impact spills over to other countries. The ability to retain value added varies by country, with India and Brazil retaining around 80%, while Mexico and Indonesia retain no more than two thirds. The EU is the primary beneficiary of these spill-overs. The study also identifies that different types of climate actions produce varying levels of spill-overs: renewable energy technologies often generate high spill-overs (exceeding 35% for some), whereas forestry and coastal protection generate fewer than 20%. The authors suggest that donor countries may be influenced by these spill-over prospects when allocating funds, and recipient countries should improve industrial competitiveness to retain more economic gains.

The document argues that current development and climate policies in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru often conflict, particularly where biofuel and hydropower expansion undermine forest conservation and water security. It advocates for a 'security agenda' based on the water-energy-food nexus to better manage resource trade-offs and improve coordination between national and subnational governments.

The study finds that the entry of sugarcane mills in Mato Grosso do Sul triggers significant local economic growth, including a 30% increase in municipal GDP and a 40% rise in employment three years after construction. While sugarcane expansion primarily displaces cattle pastureland, it creates positive productivity spillovers for soybean and corn crops. Additionally, the research indicates a decrease in deforestation in hosting municipalities, potentially due to increased environmental scrutiny and law enforcement associated with large-scale industrial investments.

The expansion of sugarcane plants in Mato Grosso do Sul between 2005 and 2012 led to significant local economic growth, including a 30% average increase in municipal GDP over three years. The study finds that this growth was accompanied by a shift in land use from pasture to sugarcane, increased productivity in other crops like soy and corn, a reduction in deforestation by an average of 6.3 thousand hectares, and substantial growth in local employment and financial services.

The paper evaluates the feasibility of the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) goal for carbon-neutral growth from 2020 onward. It finds that high-integrity carbon offsets and sustainable biofuels can provide a significant portion of the required emission reductions, suggesting that ICAO can maintain high environmental and sustainable development standards without compromising its goals.

The report evaluates the feasibility of ICAO's 'carbon neutral' goal for international aviation growth from 2020 onward. It finds that a selective approach to carbon offsets—focusing on high-integrity projects like methane avoidance—could meet 70–90% of projected demand (3.3–4.5 Gt CO2e) between 2020 and 2035. Including medium-confidence projects would further increase supply to 5.1 Gt CO2e, with REDD+ potentially adding 2.4 Gt CO2e. Alternative biofuels offer lower cumulative reductions (0.1–0.3 Gt CO2e) and face significant challenges regarding land use change and sustainable development, particularly with oilseed crops.