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This October 2016 report by Friends of the Earth International argues that the current global trade and investment regime prioritizes the economic profitability of agribusiness over food sovereignty and agroecology. It details how neoliberal investment frameworks, including 'mega-regional' agreements and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), undermine the ability of states to implement public policies that protect human rights and the environment, effectively blocking the transition to sustainable, small-scale food production.

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  • The current trade and investment framework promotes an agribusiness model that prioritizes economic profitability over the social, environmental, and cultural functions of land, thereby blocking the development of agroecology and food sovereignty.
  • Modern 'mega-regional' trade agreements and new models of free trade agreements are expanding their scope to include more issues as trade-related, which limits the power of states to implement sovereign domestic policies and national laws.
  • Specific clauses in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) protect transnational corporations (TNCs) and restrict state regulation. These include the 'National Treatment Clause,' which prevents states from favoring national industries, and the 'Fair and Equitable Treatment Clause,' which limits the state's role as an active regulator.
  • Investor-State dispute settlement mechanisms allow TNCs to sue host countries in international arbitration tribunals if profit expectations are not met, creating a 'regulatory chilling-effect' on national governments.
  • Industrial agriculture focuses on the production of 'flex crops' (commodities like soy and oil palm) for animal feed and biofuels rather than feeding people, which leads to land grabbing and the displacement of small-scale producers.
  • The European Union acts as a primary driver of the agribusiness model through its 'Global Europe' strategy, financing agroindustrial companies in Africa and promoting policies that encourage European companies to acquire land in developing countries for agrofuels.
  • Agribusiness exacerbates gender inequality by maintaining a patriarchal approach to reproductive relationships, which increases the vulnerability of women and restricts their access to land and income.

Cite the original document

APA
Friends of the Earth International (n.d.). Camisa Once Varas INGLES Q. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Camisa-Once-Varas-INGLES-Q.pdf
Chicago
Friends of the Earth International. Camisa Once Varas INGLES Q. n.d. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Camisa-Once-Varas-INGLES-Q.pdf.
Wikipedia
{{cite report |author=Friends of the Earth International |title=Camisa Once Varas INGLES Q |url=https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Camisa-Once-Varas-INGLES-Q.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}
BibTeX
@techreport{friendsoftheearthinternationalndcamisa, author = {{Friends of the Earth International}}, title = {{Camisa Once Varas INGLES Q}}, institution = {Friends of the Earth International}, url = {https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Camisa-Once-Varas-INGLES-Q.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }

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