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The report examines the failure of current conservation finance to meet global needs, noting that only USD 50-53.4 billion is raised annually against a need of USD 150-440 billion. It identifies structural barriers such as low returns, high risk, and financial short-termism (the 'Tragedy of the Horizon'). The author proposes a systemic shift using natural capital accounting, mandatory corporate disclosures, and the active involvement of central banks and state investment banks to internalize environmental externalities and redirect capital toward sustainable activities.

The Stockholm Environment Institute has developed a platform based on the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) system that allows water managers to model the effects of management options on aquatic habitat and species viability. The tool generates complete aquatic habitat assessments by comparing daily hydraulic, substrate, and temperature conditions against ideal conditions for species at specific points. It has been applied in California's Santa Clara Valley Water District to evaluate regulations affecting steelhead and chinook salmon, and is being used in the South Fork Eel River to analyze the impacts of instream flow requirements and cannabis policies on Coho and Chinook salmon. The tool is intended to support compliance with laws such as the California Environmental Quality Act and the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, as well as restoration projects in the Mid Klamath Watershed.

The paper argues that traditional Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) often fail to accurately capture the complexities of biomass energy and land cover, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. By linking the TIAM-ECN economic model with the MoFuSS geospatial model, the author demonstrates that projected woodfuel demand in Kenya exceeds the sustainable supply of woody biomass. The study highlights a gap in current modelling where economic optimization does not account for physical landscape constraints, suggesting that future models must better integrate market responses, such as price increases and fuel substitution, with spatial biomass availability.

The 2019 Arctic Council Conservation Scorecard finds that Arctic states are generally failing in their roles as stewards of the region, particularly regarding the regulation of marine shipping and the recognition of Indigenous peoples as full partners. While states performed well in ecosystem-based management and environmental impact assessments, they showed slow progress in safeguarding biodiversity and protecting conservation areas against climate change risks. The report specifically highlights a lack of governance in shipping and warns that new oil and gas developments are inconsistent with the Paris Agreement's 1.5-degree warming target.

The IAI Executive Directorate is implementing a multifaceted approach to improve the provision of scientific information to governments in the Americas. This includes drafting procedural regulations for the Science-Policy Advisory Committee (SPAC), establishing links with multilateral environmental agreements, and strengthening the capacity of member states to integrate science into public policy. The report highlights the conclusion of the third round of Cooperative Research Networks (CRN3), detailing how specific projects on nitrogen cycles, tropical dry forests, water security, and marine ecosystems have influenced national policies and management plans in countries such as Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and Mexico.

The IAI Directorate implemented various capacity-building programs, including the São Paulo School of Advanced Science and science diplomacy workshops in partnership with AAAS. It established a Memorandum of Understanding with the Organization of American States (OAS) and is developing a Science, Technology, Policy (STeP) Fellowship Program. The report also outlines efforts to secure external funding for seed grants and territorial governance laboratories to support transdisciplinary research on global change.

The IAI Executive Directorate reports on its capacity-building efforts, including the São Paulo School of Advanced Science and partnerships with the AAAS and OAS to integrate science and policy. It outlines ongoing initiatives like the STeP Fellowship and Seed Grant programs, while seeking CoP support for future implementation subject to external funding.

The paper finds that the Adaptation Fund provides limited support for ecosystem-related activities, with only 15% of funding allocated to such projects as of 2016, and most of these focusing on human-centric ecosystem services rather than ecological resilience.

The Ad hoc committee report on Decision XXVI/11 outlines the development and structure of the IAI Strategic Plan (2019–2044). The plan establishes a 25-year roadmap for the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research to bridge science and policy, focusing on three primary themes: meeting the needs of Parties to address global environmental change, science for the sustainability of the Americas, and the long-term sustainability of the IAI organization.

The IAI Strategic Plan (2019–2044) establishes a 25-year roadmap to bridge the gap between science and policy in the Americas. It is organized into three themes: meeting the needs of member states regarding global environmental change, advancing science for regional sustainability, and ensuring the IAI's own organizational sustainability. The plan emphasizes transdisciplinary research, open data, and the inclusion of underrepresented groups to inform climate adaptation and mitigation policies.

The report details the conclusion of the CRN3 program, which involved 17 projects across 15 IAI Parties, and the launch of the SGP-HW program, which selected six projects focused on ecosystem services and human well-being. It also outlines the planning for the fourth round of Cooperative Research Networks (CRN4), emphasizing transdisciplinary research, regional priorities, and the pursuit of co-financing through entities like the Belmont Forum.

The IAI Directorate reports on the completion of the Third Collaborative Research Network (CRN3) program, which involved 17 projects across 15 IAI Parties and leveraged US$ 15.36 million in additional funding. The report details the transition toward the SGP-HW small grants program, which emphasizes transdisciplinary co-design with stakeholders and the implementation of an Open Data Policy. It also outlines the preliminary planning for the fourth iteration of the Collaborative Research Network (CRN4), recommending alignment with the Belmont Forum to secure co-funding and a focus on Party-driven priorities.

The IAI Directorate implemented several initiatives between 2018 and 2019 to strengthen science-policy interfaces and regional cooperation. Key activities included signing a Memorandum of Understanding with IPBES, co-hosting a South-South Cooperation workshop on climate and sustainable development in Uruguay, and joining the Belmont Forum Steering Committee. The Directorate also explored becoming a Readiness Delivery Partner for the Green Climate Fund in Latin America and engaged with the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research on a new climate change initiative. Efforts to improve science communication included a social media campaign and discussions with the American Chemical Society and the Earth Journalism Network.

The IAI Executive Directorate reports on its 2018-2019 efforts to strengthen science-policy interfaces and international partnerships. Key activities include signing a Memorandum of Understanding with IPBES, collaborating with UNOSSC on South-South cooperation for urban climate resilience in South American megacities, and pursuing an Associate status with the Green Climate Fund. The IAI also joined the Belmont Forum Steering Committee and explored a cooperative research action on food security and climate change with France's National Research Agency, attracting interest from Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Additionally, the report details engagements with the IPCC, the European Commission, and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research to foster intercontinental cooperation on climate risks.

Sierra Leone is developing its first National Adaptation Plan (NAP) framework to coordinate institutional adaptation, mobilize resources, and reduce vulnerability to climate change. The process identifies agriculture, biodiversity, fisheries, and tourism as priority sectors for adaptation. Key observed and anticipated climate impacts include coastal erosion, sea-level rise, mangrove destruction, saline water intrusion in aquifers, seaweed invasion, landslides, flooding, and extreme weather events. The document also maps the evolution of the country's climate policy milestones from the 2007 National Climate Change Strategy and Action plan to the 2019 finalization of the NAP Framework.

The report argues that the proposed Boliden copper mine in Laver would effectively end traditional Sami reindeer herding for the Semisjaur Njarg community by destroying critical winter pastures. Through scenario analysis, the document demonstrates that the mine would force herders into either unsustainable 'reindeer farming' based on artificial feeding or the total abandonment of the area, both of which threaten intergenerational succession and the survival of the critically endangered Pite Sami language. The report further highlights a systemic failure in the Swedish permitting process to recognize indigenous property rights and the cumulative effects of multiple land encroachments, such as wind farms and forestry, which leave the community at a breaking point.

The report details the first phase of an Arctic Council project led by the CAFF Working Group, focusing on the inventory and scientific review of Arctic wetlands. It emphasizes the role of these environments in biodiversity, hydrology, and carbon storage, while highlighting the necessity of integrating indigenous knowledge into wetland management to counter historical misconceptions of wetlands as wastelands.

The report outlines outcomes from an event held during Africa Climate Week 2019 in Ghana, focusing on scaling up resilience in African agriculture. It emphasizes the need for nature-based solutions, the centrality of smallholder farmers, and the urgent requirement for climate finance to reach local levels, particularly in least developed countries. The document proposes specific actions for the UN Secretary-General's Climate Action Summit, including halting land degradation, implementing early warning-early action systems, and integrating climate risk analysis into National Determined Contributions (NDCs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs).

The project aims to address climate-driven water scarcity, food insecurity, and ecosystem degradation in seven countries. It proposes a multi-scale approach targeting landscapes (forest and wetland restoration), enterprises (climate-resilient agricultural practices), and households (water-efficient technologies). The initiative is supported by three financial mechanisms: a grant fund (FOGESIA), a guarantee fund, and a dedicated EbA credit line. Key goals include the restoration of approximately 36,000 hectares of ecosystems and the direct benefit of 1.75 million people.

The document outlines the evolution of the IAI's Scientific Agenda, moving from seven initial research areas to four broad themes. It presents a revised version of these themes—covering climate variability, comparative ecosystem studies, chemical composition of the environment, and human dimensions—to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties.