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The document estimates that water demand in Uganda will increase from 408 million cubic meters per year in 2010 to 3,963 million cubic meters per year by 2050, with unmet demand rising to 1,651 million cubic meters per year. The expected economic cost of this unmet demand in 2050 is estimated at 14,558 billion shillings (US$5.5 billion), with the highest losses anticipated in the Lake Victoria, Albert Nile, and Lake Kyoga watersheds. Historical drought data shows significant losses, specifically $250 million in 2005-6 and $1,174 million in 2010-11. Analysis of the Government of Uganda's Costed Adaptation Strategy suggests that investments in water use efficiency, supply for agriculture and industry, and Integrated Water Resources Management would likely generate a 10% rate of return.

The document estimates that water demand in Uganda will increase from 408 million cubic meters per year in 2010 to 3,963 million cubic meters per year by 2050. Under climate change scenarios and assuming no new investments beyond current plans, unmet demand is projected to rise to 1,651 million cubic meters per year, with an expected annual cost of approximately US$5.5 billion by 2050. The analysis highlights that the Lake Victoria, Albert Nile, and Lake Kyoga watersheds will face the largest economic losses. Historical drought data shows significant impacts, with events in 2005-6 and 2010-11 causing losses of US$250 million and US$1,174 million respectively. The report concludes that priority adaptation programmes focusing on water use efficiency, supply for agriculture and industry, and Integrated Water Resources Management are likely to generate high returns on investment.

The report details how over 500,000 tonnes of fish are diverted annually from West African coastal communities to produce FMFO for European and Asian aquaculture and livestock. It identifies Mauritania as the primary exporter, with a significant portion of its fish oil destined for the EU, particularly France and Denmark. The document links this trade to major European aquafeed companies and retailers, while highlighting the severe socio-economic impacts on local artisanal fishermen and women processors.

The document argues that the aquaculture industry's dependence on wild-caught fish for feed is ecologically and financially unsustainable, exposing investors and retailers to systemic resource risks, price volatility, and reputational damage. It highlights links between major European aquafeed producers and destructive fishing practices in India, Vietnam, and The Gambia, while asserting that current certification schemes, specifically those from the Marine Ingredients Organisation (IFFO), are ineffective 'smokescreens'.

The report finds that Swiss retailers largely fail to ensure sustainable aquaculture supply chains, with none meeting half of the assessed sustainability indicators. It highlights the ecological and social risks of using wild fish for aquaculture feed, the inadequacy of current certification labels, and the poor state of fish welfare in farms. The authors advocate for the decoupling of aquaculture from wild fisheries through alternative feeds and the promotion of herbivorous fish species.

The fact sheet proposes specific targets for the EU's "Farm to Fork" Strategy, focusing on reducing pollution from farming, ending overfishing, and eliminating harmful chemicals and single-use plastics across the food system to align with climate commitments.

The document argues that the post-2020 European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF), which allocates over 6 billion euros for 2021-2027, must not include harmful subsidies. The authors highlight that 69% of European fish stocks are overfished and that re-introducing subsidies for new fishing vessels—which were banned since 2004—would increase fishing effort and contradict the EU's international commitments under Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14.6 and World Trade Organization negotiations.

The document argues that the European Union is risking its international credibility by potentially reintroducing harmful fisheries subsidies through the 2021-2027 European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF). The authors highlight that 69% of European fish stocks are currently subject to overfishing and that the former European Parliament's position included subsidies for new fishing vessel construction, which would increase fishing effort. They call on the new European Parliament to amend this position to align with WTO multilateral prohibitions on subsidies that encourage overcapacity and the UN Sustainable Development Goal 14.6.

A coalition of NGOs, including ClientEarth and WWF, calls for the removal of EU fisheries subsidies that contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, specifically those for vessel construction, engine modernization, and short-term cessation payments. The letter argues that the EMFF should instead prioritize scientific data collection, marine nature protection, and support for small-scale low-impact fisheries to align with SDG 14.6 and WTO negotiations.

Five environmental NGOs express concern that the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) for 2021-2027, which allocates over 6 billion euros, may reintroduce harmful subsidies for fishing vessel construction. They argue this would increase overcapacity and overfishing while undermining EU credibility in World Trade Organisation negotiations to ban such subsidies under UN Sustainable Development Goal 14.6.

The document outlines specific recommendations for European Parliament members regarding the post-2020 European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF). The NGOs advocate for ring-fencing 25% of the budget for marine biodiversity and ecosystem restoration, increasing monitoring and control funding from 15% to 25%, and eliminating subsidies for new fishing vessels, ports, and engine replacements. They further call for maintaining strict conditions on funds for the cessation of fishing activities to prevent the artificial maintenance of excessive fishing capacity and demand that aquaculture funding be directed toward activities with proven public and environmental benefits.

The document outlines specific recommendations for the European Parliament's Environment Committee to reform the post-2020 European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF). The NGOs advocate for the elimination of subsidies that increase fishing capacity, the ring-fencing of 30% of the budget for marine biodiversity and ecosystem protection, and the increase of monitoring and control funding from 15% to 30%. They further call for financial support to be conditional on compliance with the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and EU environmental law, while urging the removal of funding for temporary cessation of fishing activities.

AquaMnara, supported by FSD Africa's TECA project, provides aquaculture farmers in Kisumu, Kenya, with technical support, value chain linkages, and financial facilitation to improve climate resilience and production. The startup focuses on sustainable practices, water quality management, and empowering women in the sector through a dedicated 'women in aquaculture' programme.

The document details a pilot project by Wezesha Aqua Farms, supported by FSD Africa's Triggering Exponential Climate Action (TECA) initiative, to introduce cage fishing in Mwanza, Tanzania. This aquaculture approach aims to mitigate the effects of climate change, such as fish migration to deeper waters and stock declines, by allowing communities to rear fish year-round. The project utilizes a pay-as-you-use or lease model for cages costing approximately 8.5 million Tanzanian Shillings (USD 3,500), targeting the Victoria Blue Cooperative Society. Initial results show increased community interest in aquaculture investments, particularly among women.

The project aims to benefit 102,000 direct beneficiaries in Honduras' coastal and insular zones, focusing on indigenous and Afro-Honduran populations. It addresses vulnerabilities to sea level rise, increasing sea surface temperatures, and tropical storms. The proposal outlines three main components: improving livelihood resilience through new fishing technologies and climate-resilient aquaculture; creating a multi-level climate adaptation and disaster risk management mechanism; and strengthening natural barriers like mangroves while adapting housing infrastructure. With a total indicative cost of USD 17 million, the project seeks USD 12 million in GCF grants to shift the paradigm from centralized management to participatory, multi-actor integrated management.

The document describes the 'Blue Acceleration'—the rapid, unprecedented growth of ocean-based industries—and argues that its benefits disproportionately flow to powerful states and corporations while risks are borne by SIDS and LDCs. It highlights the multidimensional nature of ocean risks, including biophysical, social, and financial dimensions, and emphasizes the need for gender-transformative approaches and intersectional analysis to ensure an equitable ocean economy. The text calls for increased domestic technical capacity in SIDS and LDCs, the integration of indigenous knowledge, and the mainstreaming of gender equality and equity in ocean finance and Official Development Assistance (ODA).

The report analyzes the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of China's role as a global leader in seafood production and processing. It identifies critical challenges including illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, resource depletion of high-value species, and the environmental impact of intensive aquaculture. Through case studies of tilapia, cod, and live reef food fish, the document highlights the need for improved traceability systems, alignment with international certification standards (such as MSC and BAP), and a transition toward low-carbon, eco-friendly production to maintain market access in the EU and US.

To meet projected global demand, aquaculture production must increase from 67 million tons in 2012 to approximately 140 million tons by 2050. While this growth could provide 14 percent of the additional animal protein needed by 2050, it poses significant environmental challenges. The report finds that 'business as usual' growth would likely double most environmental impacts, though specific scenarios involving renewable energy and improved efficiency could mitigate these effects. The authors recommend a combination of technological innovation in breeding and feeds, spatial planning, shifted incentives, advanced information technology for monitoring, and a dietary shift toward low-trophic species like tilapia and carp to ensure sustainable intensification.

The report identifies increased agricultural input prices and higher processing costs as the most financially material impacts of climate change and water scarcity on the food and beverage (F&B) sector in South and Southeast Asia. These risks affect all examined F&B subsectors, including aquaculture, beverages, confectionary, dairy/poultry, edible oils, starches, and sugar. Financial risks are driven by decreased crop and animal yields, operational disruptions to manufacturing plants, and increased costs for water filtration and food safety. Additionally, competition for water resources creates reputational risks for food processors. The analysis specifically targets publicly listed domestic companies in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam within a sector valued at USD 40 billion.

The Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems (PAGE) finds that human activities have extensively altered coastal ecosystems worldwide, with nearly 30% of land area destroyed or modified. Growing coastal populations and increased nutrient pollution from fertilizers, sewage, and aquaculture are degrading these systems, while overfishing has depleted major fish stocks. The report warns that global climate change will likely exacerbate these pressures through rising sea levels and warmer ocean temperatures.