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The Green Climate Fund (GCF) Accreditation Panel recommends the accreditation of the Vietnam Development Bank (VDB) as a national direct access entity. VDB is approved for 'small' projects (up to US$ 50 million), medium environmental and social risk (Category B/I-2), and various fiduciary functions including on-lending and grant awards. While VDB's institutional policies and capacities generally meet GCF standards, the assessment identified gaps in its track record regarding the public disclosure of monitoring reports, grant results, and environmental and social (E&S) complaints. Consequently, accreditation is subject to specific conditions, including the formal adoption of a disclosure policy and the provision of gender assessments and E&S communication systems with its first funding proposal.

The Development Bank of Rwanda (BRD) is seeking support from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) for a gap assessment to identify weaknesses in its current capacity relative to GCF accreditation requirements. BRD has a long history of providing long-term finance in Rwanda, with over 50% of its portfolio dedicated to agriculture and renewable energy. A notable project is the World Bank-financed 'Renewable Energy Fund' (REF), worth US$ 48.94 million, which aims to increase electricity access via off-grid technologies, targeting 445,500 connections and benefiting 1.8 million people.

The report details Ghana's economic crisis in 2022, characterized by credit rating downgrades from Moody's, S&P, and Fitch, and a sharp depreciation of the cedi. It identifies the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2017 banking sector clean-up, and the Russia-Ukraine war as primary drivers, with the latter specifically impacting fertilizer costs and agriculture. Inflation rose to 31.7% by July 2022, driven by imported inflation and rising food prices. The government responded with policy rate hikes by the Bank of Ghana, increasing the rate from 14.5% in January to 22% by August 2022, and attempted to curb forex irregularities. However, the report notes skepticism regarding these measures, emphasizing the need for expenditure cuts and anti-corruption efforts to restore stability.

The project 'Towards usable climate science' established an interdisciplinary network to provide climate services for sectors sensitive to climate, such as energy, water, agriculture, and health. It developed a consolidated database of meteorological records from 329 weather stations across southern South America, covering the period from 1961 to the present. Key outputs include a regional drought monitoring system with a focus on soil moisture and yield prediction software for soybean, maize, and wheat. In the Argentine Pampas region, the project achieved accurate yield predictions for 14 localities by linking the database with simulation models, providing data useful for estimating insurance indices.

The document outlines how climate change threatens South African agriculture through rising temperatures, water scarcity, and extreme weather, disproportionately affecting small-scale farmers and vulnerable groups. It warns that commercial expansion into grasslands and wetlands could increase greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss. To mitigate these risks, the author advocates for a just transition of the food system, prioritizing food rights, equitable resource distribution, and agroecological practices over market-led solutions.

The document outlines the vulnerability of South Africa's agricultural sector to climate change, highlighting risks such as increased temperatures, water scarcity, and extreme weather events. It details the specific threats to livestock, crops, and biodiversity, particularly in the eastern Mpumalanga and Limpopo regions and the Highveld. The report emphasizes that small-scale and subsistence farmers, women, children, and the elderly are most at risk. To address these challenges, it advocates for a transition toward agroecology, the redistribution of land and water, and the protection of grasslands and forests to maintain carbon sinks and ecosystem services.

The document outlines how climate change threatens South African agriculture through rising temperatures, water scarcity, and extreme weather, disproportionately affecting small-scale farmers, women, and children. It warns of ecological degradation, including soil erosion and loss of biodiversity, and predicts food price increases. To mitigate these risks, the author advocates for nature-aligned farming, equitable redistribution of land and water, and a transition away from greenhouse gas-intensive production, particularly in livestock and transport.

The IISD Economic Law and Policy program provides technical support, data, and analysis to policy-makers and businesses to align public and private investment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The program focuses on finance, trade, government procurement, and industrial policy, with specific emphasis on agricultural and mining investments in developing countries. Key initiatives include the Annual Forum of Developing Country Investment Negotiators and the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development, aimed at building the capacity of officials in Africa, Asia, and Latin America to negotiate sustainable treaties and contracts.

Agriculture accounts for 10–12% of Canada's greenhouse gas emissions. Implementing natural climate solutions, such as cover cropping and habitat conservation, could reduce emissions by 37.4 MtCO2e annually by 2030.

Agricultural land covers approximately 7% of Canada, with 82% of this land located in the Prairie provinces. While biodiversity on farmlands supports soil health and pest control, increased farming intensity in Canada is currently harming soil health and wildlife capacity. Improving biodiversity and soil health is noted as a way to reduce synthetic input needs, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and increase resilience to extreme weather events like droughts and floods.

The document highlights that only 11% of Canada's 64 million hectares of farming operations are irrigated, while noting that climate change increases the risk of droughts and water shortages. It emphasizes the need for water conservation and collaborative management as water demand rises, noting that 2018 irrigation water use was equivalent to the volume of water flowing over Niagara Falls over two weeks.

The African Futures platform, powered by the International Futures modelling tool from the University of Denver, provides forecasts for every African country and region through 2043. It analyzes 17 thematic areas, including climate change and energy, and compares a 'Current Path' against eight thematic scenarios and a combined Agenda 2063 scenario to simulate the impact of policy interventions.

Following independence in 1980, Zimbabwe's land distribution was highly unbalanced, with a small minority of white commercial farmers controlling the most productive land while the majority of the black population lived on poorer soil in lower rainfall areas.

The paper examines how Zambia manages competing public needs through macroeconomic reforms and growth stimulation. It details the transition from state-led economic management to a liberalised system, focusing on GDP growth, inflation control, and interest rate reductions to expand the state's resource envelope.

The document proposes a comprehensive framework to analyze and overcome the stagnation of growth and development in Africa. It identifies key constraints—including climate, geography, weak governance, and conflict—and organizes a work programme around three linked areas: growth and resources, empowerment and culture, and governance and institutions. The framework emphasizes the need for a "big push" of mutually supporting actions, focusing on private sector-led growth, agricultural improvement, trade diversification, human development, and enhanced transparency in economic governance. It specifically highlights the vulnerability of African economic growth to climate change and the necessity of increasing concessional resources and aid effectiveness to support these goals.

The Cape Coast Metropolitan Assembly identifies coastal erosion, flash floods, windstorms, erratic rainfall, droughts, and heat waves as its main climate hazards. Key sensitive sectors include agriculture, forestry, infrastructure, tourism, and water/health. Proposed adaptation measures focus on coastal protection, enforcing building codes and mining laws, nature-based solutions like mangrove planting, and improving early warning systems and irrigation.

Peru's NAP/NDC on adaptation aims to reduce vulnerability and integrate adaptation into sectoral and territorial planning. The framework prioritizes sectors such as water, agriculture, and fisheries, while employing cross-cutting approaches including intergenerational and intercultural perspectives. The process is designed as a multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder effort to establish a state policy based on scientific evidence for the benefit of citizens.

The Ugandan government implemented expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to mitigate the economic impact of COVID-19 lockdowns. While these measures helped stabilize the financial sector and provided temporary liquidity to businesses, the pandemic caused real GDP growth to drop from 6.8% in FY 2018/19 to 2.9% in FY 2019/20. The industrial and services sectors were most severely affected, contributing to a projected 34.5% increase in the number of people living below the poverty line. Fiscal deficits rose to 7.5% of GDP in FY 2019/20, leading to a 21.7% increase in public debt stock to $15.27 billion.

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The document examines the rapid growth of Sino-African relations, noting that bilateral trade rose from $2 billion in 1999 to $39.7 billion in 2007. It highlights a shift from aid-driven engagement to commercial dominance, where trade and investment now outpace official development assistance. While the partnership offers opportunities for infrastructure development and poverty reduction, the paper identifies risks including unsustainable debt, the displacement of local industries by cheap Chinese imports, and a lack of transparency in lending. It recommends that African nations improve their business climates, diversify exports to move up the value chain, and implement transparency initiatives to maximize gains from the relationship.