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Ten years after its 2015 adoption, the Paris Agreement has shifted the projected global warming trajectory from 4.8 degrees C to between 2.3 and 2.9 degrees C, though it remains off track for the 1.5 degrees C goal. While clean technology growth has exceeded expectations—with electric vehicles now comprising a fifth of auto sales and solar and wind electricity generation tripling—current nationally determined contributions (NDCs) would deliver less than 14% of the emissions reductions needed by 2035. The author argues that the next decade requires a total economic transformation, a more aggressive approach to phasing out fossil fuels, and a remodeled multilateral process where COP decisions are not subject to a veto by a few nations. Key priorities include supporting the green transitions of large middle-income countries, which account for 60% of global emissions, and integrating climate commitments into national economic policies.

The document reports that 2025 is virtually certain to be among the top five hottest years globally, driven by rising carbon pollution from fossil fuels. In the U.S., record high temperatures significantly outpaced record lows, and the year saw a record-costly start for billion-dollar weather and climate disasters, including the most expensive wildfire event on record in Los Angeles. Globally, carbon pollution intensified Hurricane Melissa, which devastated Jamaica. The report also highlights a trend of 'hydroclimate whiplash' contributing to both the Los Angeles fires and deadly flash floods in Texas, while noting that the U.S. has rolled back key clean energy policies and is set to withdraw from the Paris Agreement by January 2026.

The authors contend that for Africa to overcome extreme poverty, it must pursue sustainable industrialization through a modernized approach to policy-making. Rather than seeking a 'golden policy template,' the document proposes a framework based on five tenets: adaptive, consultative, partner-based, transboundary, and capacitated policy-making. This approach is designed to address 'the big five' contemporary challenges: policy consensus, green industrialization, supply chain security, shifting industrial paradigms (such as digitalization), and the expansion of policy space. The authors emphasize that building institutional capacity and utilizing 'policy-testing' zones like Special Economic Zones are essential for navigating the complexities of the current global geoeconomic and climate landscape.

The 2025 G20 presidency under South Africa served as a symbolic platform for African priorities, including debt sustainability and just energy transition, but faced significant challenges due to the absence of the US and a general lack of collective ambition on climate change. While the presidency successfully advanced discussions on critical minerals and disaster resilience, the Final Communiqué failed to mention transitioning away from fossil fuels, reflecting a broader trend of G20 paralysis on environmental leadership.

The statement asserts that the global economy is highly exposed to nature and climate risks, with potential GDP losses of $2.7 trillion annually by 2030. It identifies key opportunities for transformation, including the alignment of trade policy with the Paris Agreement and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the elimination of environmentally harmful subsidies. The author calls for a shift from short-term crisis management to strategic, long-term sectoral pathways consistent with net-zero and nature-positive goals, suggesting the use of plurilateral agreements and initiatives like the Integrated Forum on Climate Change and Trade.

The document argues that forests are essential 'natural insurance' against climate change, yet they remain underfunded, receiving only 4% of international climate finance. The author calls for tropical countries to prioritize zero deforestation and for high-income nations to transform consumption patterns and supply chains. The text advocates for a sustainable bioeconomy and binding accountability mechanisms, citing the Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF) as a potential starting point for paying for standing forests.

The report examines the impacts of coal phase-outs in East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, South Sumatra, Central Kalimantan, and Jambi, emphasizing the need for proactive investment in high-multiplier industries and green sectors to prevent economic shocks. It advocates for a combination of quantitative modelling and qualitative community research to design social protections and reskilling programs that specifically include women, youth, and informal workers.

In 2025, the contiguous U.S. experienced its fourth-warmest year on record and 23 billion-dollar weather and climate disasters, totaling $115 billion in damages. Globally, 2025 was the third-warmest year since 1850, with NOAA data indicating it was approximately 1.3°C warmer than the pre-industrial average. The year was marked by record-breaking December heat in the U.S. Southwest and devastating atmospheric river flooding in Washington and Oregon.

The report examines how activists and civil society in Latin America and the Caribbean use climate litigation to block fossil fuel expansion and promote policies aligned with the Paris Agreement. It highlights a predominantly rights-based approach, emphasizing the right to a healthy environment and the protection of Indigenous communities. The analysis identifies significant institutional barriers in the region, including high litigation costs, structural violence against environmental defenders, and a lack of specialized judicial training. While the region leads the Global South in climate litigation volume, it lags behind the Global North in lawsuits targeting private corporations directly. The document also warns of 'backlash' through investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanisms, where companies use international arbitration to challenge decarbonization policies.

The document argues that there are no credible pathways to tackle the climate crisis without trade policies aligned with the Paris Agreement. It identifies key areas for cooperation, including the management of climate-trade tensions (such as the EU's CBAM), the acceleration of clean energy transitions, and the decarbonization of industrial sectors like shipping and steel. A central theme is the need for 'climate justice,' ensuring that developing nations are not marginalized by green industrial policies or unilateral trade measures. The report proposes several mechanisms for progress, including the Integrated Forum on Climate Change and Trade (IFCCT) proposed for COP30, the 'greening' of Aid for Trade (AfT), and the development of regional green trade blocs like a potential arrangement within the RCEP. It emphasizes that a just transition requires bridging the gap between the WTO and UNFCCC, harmonizing carbon accounting standards, and increasing climate finance for adaptation in the Global South.

The analysis finds that tripling renewable energy capacity, doubling energy efficiency improvements, and cutting methane emissions by 2030 and beyond would significantly reduce the rate of global warming and lower projected century-end warming from 2.6°C to 1.7°C.

Ten years after the Paris Agreement, solar energy has transitioned from a marginal source to the fastest-growing electricity source globally, with leadership shifting from advanced economies to emerging markets. Brazil, China, and India have been central to this shift, collectively accounting for 60% of new solar capacity since 2015. The report highlights how national commitments (NDCs), international financing, and industrial policies—such as Brazil's renewable energy auctions and China's manufacturing scale—have drastically reduced costs and increased global deployment. By 2025, the world reached 2.2 TW of solar capacity, with the focus now shifting toward energy storage and grid reliability to ensure 24/7 availability.

The report details the transition of solar leadership from mature to emerging economies following the 2015 Paris Agreement. It highlights the exponential growth of solar power globally, rising from 1% of generation in 2015 to 8.8% in the first half of 2025. The document specifically examines the roles of Brazil, China, and India, noting that these three countries account for 60% of all new solar capacity since 2015. It attributes this surge to national targets (NDCs), international climate finance, and the establishment of the International Solar Alliance (ISA).

A joint statement by civil society groups, primarily from the Asia Pacific, urging COP30 to address the human rights and environmental impacts of transition minerals. The document proposes the creation of the Belém Action Mechanism (BAM) and a Global Mineral Traceability Framework to ensure a just energy transition, highlighting the region's role as a hub for mineral reserves and green technology supply chains while noting the high risks faced by environmental defenders.

The Climate Action Tracker reports that global warming projections have remained stagnant at 2.6°C for four consecutive years due to a lack of ambitious 2030 and 2035 climate targets. While the Paris Agreement has helped reduce projected warming from 3.6°C in 2015 to 2.6°C today, and renewable energy surpassed coal in electricity generation in 2025, continued fossil fuel expansion and policy rollbacks in the United States threaten to offset these gains. The gap between current targets and the 1.5°C pathway is expected to increase to 31 GtCO₂e by 2035.

The document is an open letter from Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD) and a coalition of 203 organizations and 202 experts. It argues that coordinated disinformation campaigns, primarily funded by the fossil fuel industry, are delaying the energy transition and sabotaging the Paris Agreement goals. The authors call on COP30 participants to move beyond the mere recognition of this threat to mandatory, verifiable actions that hold technology platforms, media, and the advertising sector accountable for the spread of manipulative content.

The document argues that coordinated climate disinformation, largely driven by the fossil fuel industry and amplified by Big Tech, constitutes a global emergency that delays the energy transition and threatens public health and human rights. It calls on COP30 participants to move beyond the mere recognition of this threat to implement mandatory, verifiable actions and regulatory measures against the monetization of disinformation and greenwashing.

The briefing argues that for a transition away from fossil fuels to be equitable, advanced economies must lead with more aggressive emission reductions. Using the IEA's Net Zero Emissions (NZE) scenario, it highlights that advanced economies need to reduce oil emissions by 40% and gas emissions by 33% by 2030, compared to significantly lower targets for emerging and developing economies. The document warns that recent failures to reduce emissions have led to a decline in the ambition of these targets in updated IEA models.

The report finds that while total emissions from 25 major emitters may peak by 2026, current policies are insufficient to meet the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C goal. Fifteen countries are likely on track to meet their 2030 unconditional NDC targets, while nine are off track, including the US, UK, and Japan. Projections for the US have worsened due to policy rollbacks, and eight countries are already projected to miss their 2035 unconditional NDC targets.

Plan 1.5 criticizes the South Korean government's proposed 2035 NDC targets of 50-60% and 53-60% reductions compared to 2018 levels, labeling them unconstitutional. The organization argues these targets lack scientific basis, ignore the country's fair share of global emissions reductions (estimated at 65%), and unfairly shift the burden of climate action to future generations by prioritizing short-term industrial interests.