Coal Transition Impacts and the Approach to Inclusive Just Transition Policies in Indonesia

This report analyzes the economic, social, and gendered impacts of coal mine closures in five Indonesian provinces, proposing a just transition framework that combines quantitative modeling with qualitative community research to support vulnerable groups and diversify local economies.

• The report identifies five major coal-producing provinces—East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, South Sumatra, Central Kalimantan, and Jambi—where a managed transition could create new growth and quality jobs.
• Provinces such as East Kalimantan and South Sumatra are more exposed to the decline of coal, but economic renewal can be driven by targeted investments in green industries, food and beverage manufacturing, and other diversified sectors.
• Evidence from East Kutai indicates that inclusive planning, workforce reskilling, and stronger social protection are necessary to ensure communities benefit from the transition.
• The report recommends a multi-faceted policy approach: combining quantitative models with qualitative methods (like ethnography and focus groups), prioritizing sectoral transitions before closures to avoid economic shocks, tailoring social protection, and mandating inter-ministerial coordination for gender equality and social inclusion.

APA

Gass,, R. M. S. D. A. F. O. H. A. P. V. (2025). Coal Transition Impacts and the Approach to Inclusive Just Transition Policies in Indonesia. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/just-transition-coal-indonesia

Chicago

Gass,, Refina Muthia Sundari,Anisa Dwi Ariyani Firmansyah,Shanty Oktavilia,Siti Hilmiati Azyzia,Ryan Prayogi,Bathandwa Vazi,Philip. Coal Transition Impacts and the Approach to Inclusive Just Transition Policies in Indonesia. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2025. https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/just-transition-coal-indonesia.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Gass, |first1=Refina Muthia Sundari,Anisa Dwi Ariyani Firmansyah,Shanty Oktavilia,Siti Hilmiati Azyzia,Ryan Prayogi,Bathandwa Vazi,Philip |title=Coal Transition Impacts and the Approach to Inclusive Just Transition Policies in Indonesia |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=1 December 2025 |url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/just-transition-coal-indonesia |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{gass2025coal, author = {Gass,, Refina Muthia Sundari,Anisa Dwi Ariyani Firmansyah,Shanty Oktavilia,Siti Hilmiati Azyzia,Ryan Prayogi,Bathandwa Vazi,Philip}, title = {{Coal Transition Impacts and the Approach to Inclusive Just Transition Policies in Indonesia}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2025}, month = dec, url = {https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/just-transition-coal-indonesia}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }