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The Freetown WASH and Aquatic Environment Revamping Program is a proposed project in Sierra Leone designed to address climate vulnerabilities affecting water security and forest ecosystems. With a total indicative cost of USD 219 million, the program combines large-scale infrastructure rehabilitation—such as water treatment plants and distribution networks—with GCF-funded climate-specific interventions. These include climate-resilient catchment-based water resources management and forest management to protect the Western Area Protected Forest. The project aims to benefit approximately 1.4 million residents, improve water access for 800,000 people, and create 2,700 jobs, while achieving an estimated mitigation impact of 22.5 tCO2eq through the creation of carbon sinks in 30,000 hectares of protected forest.

The brief outlines ten recommendations for co-designing climate services, categorized by process, format, and content, to bridge the gap between climate science and policy implementation. Drawing on case studies from Karlstad and Stockholm, it emphasizes the need for iterative dialogue, the use of facilitators, and the alignment of climate data with existing planning tools to ensure that scientific information is actionable for practitioners.

The Manggahan Low Rise Building Project in Pasig City, Philippines, serves as a model for locally led climate resilience. Following the devastation of Typhoon Ondoy in 2009, residents of informal settlements along the Manggahan Floodway formed the Alliance of Peoples Organizations Along Manggahan Floodway (APOAMF) to oppose government plans for forced relocation up to 60 miles away. Through the 2010 "People Plan," residents collaborated with architects and government officials to design a flood- and typhoon-resistant apartment complex on an embankment. The project aims for 15 buildings with 900 units, with 480 families already moved into rent-to-own apartments. The case highlights the importance of co-creating adaptation solutions with marginalized urban populations to build city-wide resilience and avoid climate-induced migration.

The report advocates for the use of nature-based solutions (NBS) in South African municipalities to address the dual crises of COVID-19 economic devastation and climate vulnerability. It highlights that while national green recovery plans exist, they often require high skills and long lead times. In contrast, NBS—particularly urban tree planting and the removal of invasive alien plants—can provide immediate, low-skill employment for vulnerable populations while mitigating urban heat islands, managing flood risks, and improving public health. The document identifies significant barriers to implementation, including municipal funding shortages, difficulties in quantifying the economic value of natural assets, and rigid public procurement processes.

The document advocates for the integration of nature-based solutions (NbS)—including green and natural infrastructure—into U.S. national infrastructure planning. It highlights that NbS are often more cost-effective and resilient than traditional 'gray' infrastructure, providing significant benefits in flood mitigation, heat reduction, and carbon sequestration. The text provides specific economic data on the cost-savings of living shorelines and green storm drainage systems compared to concrete alternatives, while emphasizing the co-benefits of improved water quality and public health.

The study finds that the extreme two-day rainfall during Tropical Storm Imelda in September 2019 was made more likely and more intense by anthropogenic climate change. Observational data suggests the probability of such an event has increased by a factor of 2.6 since 1900, while climate model synthesis indicates a probability increase of 1.5 to 3.1 times and an intensity increase of 9% to 21%. The report also notes that rapid urban expansion and loss of impervious cover in Southeast Texas have exacerbated flooding risks for approximately 6.6 million people in the impacted counties.

The report examines climate adaptation frameworks in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR), finding that while all nine studied countries have national strategies, only Denmark mandates local-level adaptation plans. Most BSR countries encourage but do not require municipalities to develop specific adaptation strategies, often relying on project-based funding or integrating climate risks into broader spatial and emergency planning. The analysis highlights a strong focus on flood risk management and identifies critical knowledge gaps regarding the comprehensiveness of local risk assessments and the sufficiency of stable funding and guidance for local authorities.

The document analyzes the vulnerability of global economic infrastructure to climate hazards such as flooding, extreme temperatures, and permafrost melt. It argues for a comprehensive approach to adaptation that integrates climate risk analysis 'upstream' into the planning, design, and financing stages of the infrastructure lifecycle. Key findings highlight significant risks to road networks, thermoelectric and hydropower plants, and water supplies, while proposing solutions ranging from nature-based 'Sponge Cities' to performance-based engineering standards and programmatic financing.

The 'Recharge Pakistan' project is a 10-year initiative (2020-2030) designed to shift Pakistan's flood management from a reliance on 'grey' hard-infrastructure to 'green' ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA). With an indicative total cost of USD 150 million, the project aims to reduce flood risk and enhance groundwater recharge at six selected sites along a 1,300km stretch of the Indus River. The project targets direct benefits for 10 million people and indirect benefits for 20 million others by restoring wetlands, managing hill torrents, and diversifying community livelihoods. It is led by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as the Accredited Entity, with the Federal Flood Commission and the Ministry of Climate Change serving as executing entities.

The document is a letter to the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs advocating for a robust reauthorization of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The authors argue that reforms must be based on the latest science and lessons from catastrophic flooding to ensure the program's long-term viability. They highlight critical gaps in the House bill H.R. 3167, including the need for better management of repetitive loss properties, risk-based rate phasing, and affordability protections for low-income households. Additionally, the letter calls for the resolution of FEMA's $20.5 billion debt to the US Treasury and the implementation of a private insurance fee to support flood risk management functions.

The project aims to address climate-driven water scarcity, food insecurity, and ecosystem degradation in seven countries. It proposes a multi-scale approach targeting landscapes (forest and wetland restoration), enterprises (climate-resilient agricultural practices), and households (water-efficient technologies). The initiative is supported by three financial mechanisms: a grant fund (FOGESIA), a guarantee fund, and a dedicated EbA credit line. Key goals include the restoration of approximately 36,000 hectares of ecosystems and the direct benefit of 1.75 million people.

The Town of Canmore developed a Climate Resilience Action Plan in 2016 to address vulnerabilities to extreme weather, particularly following a catastrophic flood in 2013. Using the Climate Resilience Express (CRE) tool provided by All One Sky, the town identified eight priority risks and three opportunities. The highest risks were forest fires, Bow River flooding, and mountain creek flooding. Implementation steps since 2016 include a Bow River flood risk assessment, the creation of creek mitigation plans, and the integration of adaptation actions into municipal budget planning. The document highlights the value of structured planning tools and the importance of incorporating detailed costing into adaptation strategies.

The policy memo outlines a framework for federal infrastructure investments in the United States, emphasizing the need to modernize the electric grid, accelerate offshore wind and battery storage, and implement 'climate-ready' design standards. It advocates for targeting investments toward underserved communities and displaced fossil fuel workers to ensure an equitable transition to a low-carbon economy.

The Advancing Natural Infrastructure in Canada forum highlighted the role of natural infrastructure (NI)—managed natural systems like plants, soil, and wetlands—in addressing climate change risks and infrastructure gaps. The forum identified critical needs for scaling NI, including dedicated funding, performance metrics, public sector accounting for natural assets, and improved guidance for planning and implementation.

The review of 30 local plans in Manitoba reveals a significant gap in explicit climate change adaptation planning. Only seven plans explicitly considered adaptation, with the majority of documents failing to reference specific climate projections or establish dedicated adaptation actions. While flood risks are universally acknowledged, drought and other climate-related hazards receive minimal attention. The report recommends that the Province of Manitoba integrate adaptation considerations into planning templates and collaborate with climate service centres to provide municipalities with local projection data.

The document asserts that natural infrastructure is an underutilized tool for mitigating flood risk in Canada. It highlights that flood risks are increasing from fluvial, pluvial, and coastal sources and calls for a framework to guide the assessment and selection of natural infrastructure over traditional grey infrastructure.

The report argues that California's public infrastructure is deteriorating and based on outdated historical climate data, making it vulnerable to a 'new normal' of extreme heat, sea level rise, wildfires, and erratic precipitation. It proposes a 'climate-smart' framework based on rigorous science, equitable outcomes, financial transparency, and holistic planning. Key barriers identified include outdated design codes, a lack of actionable climate data for engineers, and systemic underinvestment in underserved communities. The author recommends updating state standards, establishing a centralized coordinating center for climate information, and adopting innovative financing mechanisms like resilience bonds to protect critical services and vulnerable populations.

The document outlines strategies for leveraging local knowledge to enhance climate resilience, emphasizing the need for tailored training for government staff and community engagement to fill information gaps. It advocates for a hybrid approach where local expertise is complemented by scientific data to create a robust foundation for planning. Case studies from various developing countries illustrate how this process can lead to improved flood risk mapping, the adoption of renewable energy, and the creation of greenhouse gas inventories.

A scientific analysis of the December 2015 Chennai floods found no detectable effect of human-induced climate change on the extreme one-day rainfall event, likely due to the masking effect of aerosol pollution in the region.

The briefing emphasizes that strategic management of water retention sites—including engineered wetlands—is essential for Manitoba to mitigate risks from floods, drought, and nutrient loading. It details the importance of controlling retention times, water levels, and biomass harvesting to capture contaminants and support a local bioeconomy. The document highlights successful examples like Pelly’s Lake in Manitoba and North Ottawa in Minnesota, and calls for the use of Light Detection and Ranging data and clear management criteria to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of these projects.