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The analysis identifies a significant gap between announced CO2 capture ambitions and the development of geological storage capacity in Europe, particularly in the short term. While Europe possesses a theoretical storage potential of approximately 507 Gt, the time required to develop storage sites (5 to 15 years) lags behind the faster implementation of capture projects. By 2025, a shortage of around 15 Mt/year is expected, and by 2030, the gap widens to approximately 40 Mt/year, with available capacity meeting only half of the 82 Mt/year demand. The report notes that many capture projects are concentrated in industrial clusters, but several countries—including Belgium, France, Germany, Poland, and Sweden—have no announced storage projects despite capture ambitions, necessitating cross-border storage solutions.

The report finds that while announced storage capacity in the EU and EFTA (including Norway) may exceed 2030 capture demand, the EU alone is not on track to meet its 50 Mtpa target by 2030. Significant uncertainty remains as most projects are in early exploration stages, and actual investment lags behind announced ambitions.

The paper identifies critical gaps in materials, drilling, and geomechanical modeling required to extract heat from rocks above 375 °C. It argues that while current EGS technology is limited to lower temperatures, leveraging oil and gas techniques and multidisciplinary collaboration can unlock high-enthalpy SHR resources.

The document identifies critical engineering gaps for superhot rock (SHR) geothermal wells, emphasizing that temperatures above 400°C cause severe cyclic thermal strains, material microstructural degradation, and cement failure. It proposes a hybrid design approach combining Working Stress Design (WSD), Reliability-Based Design (RBD), and Low-Cycle Fatigue (LCF) to manage these loads. Key findings highlight the risk of 'cold collapse' during quenching, the potential for high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) in low-carbon steels, and the lack of downhole tools and thermohydraulic simulators capable of handling supercritical water flows.

The document assesses the climate finance landscape in Indonesia, highlighting a significant gap between the financial needs for mitigation and adaptation and the available funds. Using Kupang as a case study, it identifies a lack of local regulatory frameworks and action plans, which hinders the ability of cities to access national and international funding. The report recommends the establishment of local trust funds and a dedicated information platform to help cities mobilize resources from public, private, and international sources.

The document critiques the pre-zero draft of the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction for lacking ambition and failing to sufficiently integrate with other global agendas. It argues that the draft relies too heavily on the previous Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) narrative and lacks a clear organising logic connecting its goals to its priorities for action. Key gaps identified include a poor articulation of financing requirements, insufficient detail on monitoring and accountability, and a passive approach to coordinating with climate change and sustainable development frameworks. The authors recommend a more explicit focus on conflict-affected states, a stronger integration of ecosystem services, and the establishment of an international science advisory mechanism for disaster risk reduction.

The document highlights a severe shortfall in adaptation finance for Africa, where annual flows of USD 11.4 billion (2019-2020) fall far short of an estimated need of at least USD 52.7 billion. It warns that missing these investments could result in USD 6 trillion in foregone economic benefits by 2035. The brief notes that 53% of adaptation finance to Africa is debt-based, increasing the burden on vulnerable nations. It also identifies significant data gaps in tracking and a lack of ambitious, specific adaptation targets among public financial institutions, calling for a 'north star' goal for adaptation to mobilize private and public capital.

International public adaptation finance for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) averaged just over $2 billion annually in 2021–2022, representing only 0.2% of global climate finance. This is significantly below the estimated annual need of $11.7 billion required between 2023 and 2035. The report highlights a critical reliance on debt, which accounted for 44% of flows, and a lack of correlation between finance volumes and climate vulnerability. It advocates for replacing ODA eligibility criteria with a multidimensional vulnerability index to improve access to concessional funding.

The World Bank Group (WBG) has dedicated a small portion of its risk mitigation flows to climate change, with commitments rising from an average of 10% since 1990 to 14% between 2010 and 2012. While the WBG's annual risk mitigation commitments grew from 2 USD billion to 4 USD billion in the last three years, the document argues that few instruments have reached a significant scale for climate projects. The IFC is the only WBG institution with products specifically dedicated to climate change, though only one such product has achieved significant scale. MIGA is identified as the largest provider of risk mitigation by volume but has relatively low involvement in the climate sector. Most climate-related commitments have targeted established technologies, primarily in Latin America, East Asia & Pacific, and Sub-Saharan Africa.

The report finds that global financial commitments for energy access are insufficient, with electricity funding reaching only about half of the required USD 52 billion annually and clean cooking funding remaining abysmal. While electricity finance increased to USD 30.2 billion per year in 20 high-impact countries, it is heavily concentrated in Asia, particularly India, while Sub-Saharan Africa has seen declines. Investment is skewed toward grid-connected technologies, including a doubling of coal plant financing, while off-grid solutions receive only 1.3% of total funds. Clean cooking finance dropped 5% to USD 30 million per year, far below the USD 4.4 billion needed. Case studies highlight India's success in mobilizing private finance for renewables and Indonesia's use of government subsidies to scale LPG adoption.

The world is off track to meet its 2030 forest goals, with global deforestation increasing by 4% in 2022. While some non-tropical regions met their targets, all tropical regions missed theirs, with Tropical Latin America and the Caribbean being the farthest off track. Primary tropical forest loss and emissions from deforestation also increased, while biodiversity continues to decline at an alarming rate. Forest restoration efforts remain fragmented and lack transparency, and forest degradation continues to pose a significant threat globally.

The report assesses the alignment of Kenyan legislation and regulations with international ESG standards, specifically GRI and FTSE Russell. It identifies significant gaps in environmental areas such as protected area conservation and water footprint analysis, and in social areas including data protection and specific gender-sensitive training. While Kenyan law broadly aligns with international labour and human rights conventions, the report notes discrepancies in maternity leave duration and minimum employment age. In governance, it highlights a lack of mandatory requirements for board-level ESG risk training and detailed executive compensation ratios, recommending that companies adopt international best practices to attract investment.

The report identifies a significant gap between the high demand for green financing driven by Morocco's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and the limited supply of tailored financial instruments for SMEs. While energy efficiency and renewable energy projects are well-covered, sectors like fisheries and sustainable housing are underserved. The study recommends improving the regulatory framework for ESCOs, introducing fiscal incentives, and designing new equity or guarantee mechanisms to catalyze green investment.

The study identifies a significant gap between the high demand for green financing driven by Morocco's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) and the limited supply of dedicated instruments for SMEs. While sectors like industry and agriculture are well-served by credit lines, others such as transport, water, and construction remain underserved. The report recommends enhancing the regulatory framework, implementing a green taxonomy, and developing new instruments such as a dedicated green guarantee mechanism or an equity fund to support the transition to a green economy.

This document outlines the institutional and technical gaps in Togo's climate change governance and proposes a Readiness program to strengthen the National Designated Authority (NDA) and other national institutions to improve access to Green Climate Fund (GCF) financing.

The report finds that most green economy plans lack meaningful participation from marginalised groups, fail to specifically target the poorest to reduce inequality, and do not sufficiently address the limits to growth or the urgency of the low-carbon transition.

The document details the process and outcomes of the City of Cape Town's initial attempt to analyze its 10-year capital portfolio for climate resilience. It identifies eight key lessons, emphasizing the need for consolidated databases, a focus on climate-related shocks, and the development of project typologies. The analysis revealed significant under-tagging of resilience projects by project managers, particularly in the Human Settlements directorate, and highlights the importance of secondary resilience benefits from primary mandates. The report concludes with a roadmap to mature the resilience assessment process by 2025.

This Request for Quotation (RFQ) issued by GreenCape seeks a service provider to develop a practical implementation plan for a "smart grid" in Cape Town. The goal is to transition the City of Cape Town's energy department to a service-centric energy model based on information communication technology (ICT) to address revenue challenges and improve energy resilience.

The report argues that while biodiversity information exists across the Andean countries, it is often inaccessible or poorly standardized for policy use. It highlights the leadership of Colombia and Peru in implementing federated information systems and notes that a significant amount of regional biodiversity data is held in institutions outside the countries of origin. The author identifies critical gaps in functional and relational data—such as the impact of climate change on health and economy—and proposes a regional framework for metadata cataloging, data standardization, and the creation of strategic information products to support decision-making.

The report examines Ghana's energy, industrial, and gender policies, finding that while there is a strong focus on localisation and renewable energy targets, there is a lack of specific mechanisms to integrate small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) and women into the production networks. It highlights implementation lags in the Renewable Energy Master Plan and the absence of a unified industrial policy, recommending targeted financial support and gender-responsive budgeting to ensure a just transition.