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The FSD Africa Jobs Framework Methodology Paper describes a four-step experimental process designed to estimate and qualify the contribution of financial sector interventions to job creation and quality in Sub-Saharan Africa. The framework focuses on 'gross job creation' rather than net effects, utilizing a combination of firm-level data, sector-based multipliers, and a 'Decent Jobs Assessment' to provide a range of indicative employment figures.

This report examines the financial sustainability of India's electricity distribution companies (DISCOMs) and the structure of electricity subsidies. It finds that while subsidies are critical for affordability, they often undermine DISCOM viability due to poor billing, delayed government payments, and regressive distribution. The report highlights a failure to meet UDAY loss-reduction targets and a lack of transparency in data reporting across states.

This report evaluates Panama's readiness to implement the Mining Policy Framework (MPM) of the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF). The assessment, conducted between December 2019 and April 2020, identifies a sector in a developmental phase with a significant large-scale operation (Cobre Panamá) and a smaller non-metallic sector. While Panama has strengths in environmental awareness and indigenous rights recognition, it faces critical gaps in its outdated legal framework, lack of a cohesive national mining policy, weak fiscal oversight, and a near-total absence of specific regulations for mine closure and artisanal mining.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes the evolution of global climate governance from the 1979 World Climate Conference to the 2015 Paris Agreement. It examines the shift from 'top-down' prescriptive instruments like the Kyoto Protocol to 'bottom-up' participatory frameworks, highlighting the ongoing tension between universal participation and the equitable distribution of responsibilities based on historical emissions and national capacities.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines the role of finance and technology in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement, tracing the evolution of UN sustainable development policy from 1972 to 2020.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the lack of transparency in reporting tax subsidies for fossil fuels in Canada. It argues that current reporting is incomplete and advocates for the adoption of international best practices, specifically the WTO definition of subsidies and the UN's SDG methodology, to accurately quantify foregone government revenue.

This policy brief examines the restart of agriculture negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) in September 2020 under Chair Gloria Abraham Peralta. It analyzes the challenges of achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and shifting global trade dynamics, while outlining seven key negotiating areas and potential pathways for progress.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the process of developing Common African Positions (CAPs) within the African Union (AU) to enable the continent to speak with one voice in global diplomacy. While highlighting successful examples like the Post-2015 Development Agenda, the author identifies systemic challenges including a lack of member state ownership, over-dependence on external funding, and disconnects between AU headquarters and multilateral diplomatic hubs.

This report by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) uses 'futures thinking' and scenario-building to explore the potential adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region over a 5- to 15-year period. It identifies key driving forces—such as rapid urbanization and falling renewable energy costs—and examines the tensions between inclusive and exclusive transitions and the role of proactive versus reactive government policy.

This guide, produced within the CASCADE project, provides local government officials and experts with tools to identify and overcome barriers to climate change adaptation. It categorizes these barriers into eight groups and offers a self-assessment questionnaire and a curated list of resources, including videos and manuals, to facilitate the adaptation process.

This report, produced as part of the CASCADE project, provides a framework and resources for municipal officers and experts to identify and overcome barriers to climate change adaptation. It categorizes adaptation barriers into eight themes and offers a self-evaluation survey and a guide of resources—including video clips and critical discussion questions—to facilitate local-level risk assessment and adaptation planning.

This report evaluates the capacity of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to address fossil fuel subsidies and support the clean energy transition, arguing that current rules are insufficient because they focus on trade implications rather than environmental impacts.

This report examines six proxy measures for a circular economy—material efficiency, waste recycling and reuse, industrial ecology, energy efficiency, renewable energy, and green procurement—to analyze their potential for job creation and economic impact. The findings indicate that these measures generally offer positive net benefits in job creation and are more labour-intensive than fossil-fuel-related employment.

Ember argues that the UK should implement a carbon tax on January 1st, as a link between the EU carbon market and the UK is no longer possible following the Brexit transition period.

This report is a Readiness support proposal submitted by the Republic of Serbia to the Green Climate Fund (GCF). The proposal seeks USD 322,450 over 12 months to increase national capacity for climate change adaptation. The project is to be implemented by the Development Fund of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina LLC Novi Sad (DFAPV), focusing on enhancing financial institutions, improving access to localized climate information, and developing climate-smart investment frameworks, specifically within the agriculture and food industry sectors.

This policy brief examines how technical assistance and capacity building (TACB) can support developing countries and least-developed countries (LDCs) in implementing new, internationally binding WTO rules on fisheries subsidies, noting a historical lack of donor support for subsidy assessment and reform.

This executive summary from the Climate Policy Initiative examines the economic risks of palm oil monocropping for independent smallholders in the Berau regency of Eastern Kalimantan, Indonesia. It argues that while palm oil is a popular livelihood, it is insufficient to cover minimum living costs and increases food security risks. The report recommends crop diversification—specifically with maize and cocoa—as a more profitable and resilient alternative that aligns with sustainability goals.

This report by Ember evaluates the availability, quality, and transparency of timely electricity data across various countries in Asia and Oceania. It establishes a scoring framework based on eight criteria—including time granularity, fuel breakdown, and ease of access—to rank national data sources and identify gaps that hinder the tracking of the energy transition.

This guide provides considerations for host countries engaging in carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, emphasizing the need to balance the export of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) with the achievement of current and future Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

This case study examines the challenges Colombia faces in decarbonising its building sector amidst rapid urbanisation and increasing electricity demand. It proposes using an Article 6 pilot of the Paris Agreement to implement Net Zero Energy Buildings in the social housing sector as a mechanism to reduce emissions and energy poverty while aligning with NDC commitments.