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This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the G20/OECD Inclusive Framework's 'Two-Pillar Solution' to address tax avoidance and the digitalisation of the economy. It argues that the current global taxation framework is fragmented, allowing multinational corporations to avoid taxes through profit shifting and the lack of physical presence. The document highlights that developing countries, particularly in Africa, suffer disproportionate revenue losses as a share of GDP and are underrepresented in the negotiations of the global tax deal. It calls for greater transparency, fairer thresholds for profit reallocation, and the potential move of negotiations to a neutral body like the United Nations to ensure equitable outcomes for poorer nations.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the environmental, socioeconomic, and governance (ESG) impacts of Chinese ICT infrastructure projects in Tanzania and Cambodia. It concludes that while environmental impacts were minimal, socioeconomic outcomes were mixed and projects suffered from a lack of transparency.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) and WWF-Brasil analyzes the impact of Decree No. 9,760/2019, which introduced a mandatory environmental conciliation stage in the administrative process for environmental infractions in the Amazon. The study finds that this new system has led to a severe paralysis of punitive actions, with 98% of relevant infraction notices stalled by May 2021 due to Ibama's inability to conduct the required hearings. The report also highlights a broader trend of weakening environmental control since 2015 and significant transparency gaps in Ibama's open data portal.

This case study by the International Institute for Sustainable Development discusses the necessity of watershed-scale governance for mine water management to balance industrial needs with human rights and environmental sustainability, highlighting examples from Mongolia and Chile.

This case study examines mine waste governance and leadership in Ghana and the Province of British Columbia, Canada, highlighting how different economic sizes and mining histories can both implement best practices to mitigate environmental and social risks.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the legislative report by Senator Carlos Fávaro regarding Bill (PL) no 510/2021 and Bill (PL) no 2633/2020, which propose changes to land regularization laws. The authors argue that the Senator's report favors medium and large land occupants while failing to improve conditions for small farmers, potentially incentivizing illegal deforestation and land grabbing.

The COP26 Resilience Hub Synthesis Report summarizes the key messages and findings from the UNFCCC’s Race to Resilience at COP26. It emphasizes five core priorities: scaling locally led adaptation, increasing grant-based finance, bridging the knowledge-implementation gap, utilizing nature-based solutions, and ensuring the inclusive participation of marginalized groups in decision-making.

This research paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security across Africa, highlighting how economic shocks and trade disruptions exacerbated hunger. It analyzes the varying vulnerability of different income groups and regions, the role of protectionist policies, and the potential for the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) to build long-term resilience by increasing intra-continental food trade.

This document is an inception report and technical annexes for an external review of the World Resources Institute's (WRI) progress in implementing its 2018-2022 Strategic Plan. Conducted by Agulhas Applied Knowledge and Open Cities, the review assesses WRI's effectiveness, relevance, and efficiency across seven global challenges, its core functions, and a specific deep-dive into its Africa strategy. The report details a mixed-methods methodology involving document reviews, 132 interviews, 16 focus group discussions, and an all-staff survey to triangulate programmatic results and the integration of gender and social equity.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law and the Environmental Investigation Agency provides a textual comparison of two draft resolutions on plastic pollution submitted for UNEA 5.2: one led by Rwanda and Peru (RP) and one led by Japan (JP). The document analyzes convergences and divergences in mandate, scope, and institutional structure to support the potential merging of the resolutions.

This briefing from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) details a panel discussion on reducing upstream greenhouse gas emissions from the production of building materials, plastics, and food, with a specific focus on food waste reduction and diversion strategies.

This research paper analyzes the role of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) in financing agricultural investments in Brazil. It finds that BNDES credit has grown significantly since 1995, primarily supporting crop activities (especially soy) and the acquisition of tractors and harvesting equipment. The credit is heavily concentrated in the Midwestern region and is predominantly operated by private financial agents, such as banks owned by machine manufacturers, which contrasts with the broader Brazilian rural credit market dominated by public banks.

This briefing summarizes a panel discussion on the climate and environmental justice impacts of plastic production, highlighting the role of the petrochemical industry in greenhouse gas emissions and the necessity of policy shifts toward reuse and extended producer responsibility.

A statement by Friends of the Earth International detailing its international solidarity efforts between 2020 and 2021 to support environmental and human rights defenders facing authoritarianism and corporate exploitation.

This briefing from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) summarizes a panel discussion on reducing upstream greenhouse gas emissions from the production of building materials, plastics, and food, with a primary focus on the built environment and the transition toward a circular economy.

This report documents the 52nd meeting of the Executive Council (EC-52) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), held via videoconference on November 18, 2021. The meeting focused on implementing decisions from the 29th Conference of the Parties (CoP-29), reviewing the operational budget, and updating the Council on scientific projects and capacity-building initiatives across the Americas.

The report details the 52nd meeting of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) Executive Council, held via videoconference on 18 November 2021. The meeting focused on implementing decisions from the 29th Conference of the Parties (CoP-29), reviewing the core budget and endowment fund, and updating the Council on science and capacity-building initiatives, including a new drought information system for southern South America.

A notification from the Executive Director of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) announcing that the preliminary report for the 52nd Meeting of the Executive Council (CE-52) is available for review and comments.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies evaluates Niger's disarmament, demobilisation, rehabilitation, resettlement and reintegration (DDRRR) programme for Boko Haram defectors at the Goudoumaria reception centre. While the programme has provided an exit route for at least 375 ex-associates, the study identifies significant failures in economic reinsertion, funding instability, and the protection of women, which may discourage further defections and increase the risk of recidivism.

This policy brief reviews fifty years of international efforts to regulate ocean dumping, focusing on the evolution from the 1972 London Convention to the more restrictive 1996 London Protocol. It examines the challenges of managing radioactive waste, the regulation of climate mitigation technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS), and the role of regional treaties in protecting marine ecosystems.