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The paper argues that existing transition models are often either purely quantitative or purely social, lacking a holistic view. By bridging an energy systems model with socio-technical analysis and local action studies, the authors aim to create a more realistic picture of the transition to a low-carbon residential heating system by 2050. The framework integrates niche innovations as scenario options, landscape signals as external drivers, and regime studies to identify governance barriers, while local action studies provide data on community attitudes.

The document highlights the gap between the resources required for African countries to meet their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and the available public finance, arguing that private sector funding is essential. It focuses on financial instruments in Sub-Saharan Africa, including those backed by the UNFCCC and a specific national programme in South Africa, to explore how the public sector can most efficiently incentivise private investment in mitigation and adaptation.

The policy brief contends that climate risks are often 'borderless' and that treating adaptation as a local problem hinders global ambition. It advocates for a shared terminology and a transboundary framing of risk—recognizing how impacts in one country create risks in others via trade, migration, and ecosystems—to better utilize the Paris Agreement's mechanisms, such as the global stocktake and National Adaptation Plans, for collective resilience.

The research examines the adoption of ethanol stoves in Maputo, finding that while users appreciate the convenience and cleanliness compared to charcoal, adoption is low (17%) and often replaces other clean fuels like LPG or electricity rather than charcoal. High costs, poor fuel quality, and design flaws are primary barriers to sustained use.

The study evaluates remote sensing approaches using MODIS data to map open water surfaces, concluding that the MNDWI6 spectral index effectively maps large water bodies and that a new method for optimizing detection thresholds improves accuracy.

The document outlines projected climate impacts for Latin America and the Caribbean, including temperature increases of up to 4.5 °C, rising sea levels, and glacier loss. These changes are expected to disrupt water runoff, reduce agricultural and livestock yields, and threaten biodiversity, specifically coral reefs and the Amazon rainforest. The paper concludes that the region faces severe risks to human health, infrastructure, and livelihoods due to the potential for simultaneous and compounding impacts.

The paper outlines the development of 25 tropospheric ozone metrics categorized by their application to model-measurement comparison, the free troposphere, human health, and vegetation. It emphasizes the necessity of using biologically defensible metrics and robust statistical methods, specifically the Mann-Kendall test and Theil-Sen estimator, to ensure consistency across thousands of global monitoring sites. A critical finding is that different metrics derived from the same ozone time-series can produce divergent trend patterns and conclusions regarding the effects of ozone variability drivers, such as precursor emissions, on health and vegetation exposure.

This chapter describes the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning system Integrated Benefits Calculator (LEAP-IBC), a model developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute to estimate the impacts of policy scenarios on pollutants, human health, and other endpoints, specifically highlighting its application in Bangladesh.

The report evaluates ten climate solutions across five European countries, finding a total abatement potential of 149 Mt CO2eq by 2030, representing 13% of the region's projected emissions. Energy efficiency in buildings and industry are identified as the most cost-effective solutions, offering net savings, while onshore wind and solar power provide significant potential, particularly in the Baltic states. The study highlights that while Poland and Ukraine offer the highest absolute abatement, the relative impact is greater in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Key barriers include policies favoring fossil fuels and market uncertainty, while enablers include EU regulations and declining renewable technology costs.

The briefing argues that climate adaptation is currently undervalued and incorrectly viewed as a local problem, which hinders global ambition. It proposes a 'transboundary' approach to climate risk, recognizing that impacts in one country create risks in others through trade, biophysical flows, people, and finance. The authors review progress from COP23 and suggest that the Paris Agreement's mechanisms—such as the global stocktake and National Adaptation Plans—should be operationalized to track and manage these cross-border risks to avoid 'climate change contagion' in the global economy.

The document examines how private-sector investment can be mobilised for climate mitigation in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Climate Investment Funds (CIF), the Green Climate Fund (GCF), and South Africa's REIPPPP. It argues that while market mechanisms like the CDM have successfully engaged the private sector, further tailoring of rules to African circumstances and stronger synergies between multilateral and national finance are necessary to meet Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goals.

The report analyzes consumption-based emissions in Sweden, highlighting that emissions generated abroad for Swedish consumption have increased by nearly 50% since the early 1990s. It identifies meat consumption and air travel as critical 'hotspots' due to their high climate impact per unit and high frequency of use. The authors argue that current policy instruments are insufficient and recommend a shift toward transformational changes, such as establishing a vegetarian norm in the public sector and investing in high-speed rail, alongside the creation of national consumption-based emission targets for 2030 and 2045.

The document examines why small-scale mango farmers in Kenya have low adoption rates for harvesting and post-harvest technologies despite their potential to reduce crop losses, which exceed 25%. Using service-design methods, the study identifies that farmers prioritize quantity over quality due to limited access to high-value export markets and a reliance on brokers. It argues that technology promotion must account for the entire value chain, including the roles of brokers and farmers' organizations, and suggests that investments in quality-improving technologies must be paired with improved market access and refrigerated transport.

An executive summary detailing the water supply and economic challenges facing the wine-producing region of Mendoza, Argentina, particularly for small-scale producers amidst a changing climate.

The document discusses the importance of behavioural insights in development aid, highlighting a project in Hola, Kenya, where proposed quality-improving technologies for mango farming failed because farmers prioritised quantity for processing markets over quality for export markets.

The document details a participatory approach to groundwater management in Yolo County, California, where stakeholders defined sustainability objectives and evaluated seven management strategies against uncertainties. The process identified that a 'business-as-usual' approach was unlikely to succeed, while a conjunctive use strategy involving winter recharge and storage ponds proved effective under various climate and regulatory scenarios.

The analysis of over 2,500 European monitoring sites reveals that annual average NO2 concentrations are driven by diverse hourly and monthly contributions that do not follow specific regional patterns. Between 2000 and 2014, trends showed an increase in NO2 contributions from winter months and rush-hour periods, while the contribution from peak hourly concentrations decreased. Because sites with similar annual averages can have very different underlying concentration patterns due to local emissions, chemistry, and meteorology, the study argues that air quality mitigation strategies must be tailored to the specific variability of each location rather than applied uniformly.

The research assesses how smallholder rural households in four Asian countries adapt to climate pressures such as changing rainfall, droughts, and floods. Based on interviews with nearly 600 people, the authors identified 36 key indicators of adaptive capacity to determine why some households are better equipped to secure their livelihoods than others.

The study finds that while woodfuel demand contributes to moderate degradation in Haiti, it is less severe than typically portrayed, though a business-as-usual scenario predicts a 4%±1% decline in above-ground woody biomass by 2027.

The document advocates for a managed decline in global fossil fuel production to meet Paris Agreement goals, suggesting that supply-side policies complement demand-side efforts to reduce emissions and carbon lock-in. It proposes using NDCs, long-term strategies, and a global stocktake to track production phase-downs while ensuring a just transition for affected workers and economies.