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The Agriculture, Vulnerability and Adaptation (AVA) Project in Colombia's Upper Cauca River Basin utilizes a four-dimensional model to assess climate vulnerability, integrating biophysical, political-institutional, economic-productive, and socio-cultural factors to overcome the limitations of one-dimensional models.

The Conservation Agriculture Project 1 (CAP1), implemented by the Zambian National Farmers Union's Conservation Farming Unit from 2006 to 2011, aimed to reach 120,000 farm households across the Eastern, Southern, and Central regions of Zambia. The project promoted specific tillage methods, the distribution of tuber and grain legumes, and the planting of Faidherbida albida and Jatropha curcas trees, utilizing an extension system of regional and farm coordinators, contact farmers, and associate farmers.

The document highlights Fiji's approach to integrating climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and biodiversity conservation into its REDD+ policy and planning process. It argues that while REDD+ is primarily a mitigation mechanism, it can build resilience and support climate compatible development in Pacific Island Countries (PICs), where adaptation is the highest policy priority due to vulnerability to sea-level rise and extreme weather.

The document assesses Kenya's National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS) and its Action Plan (NCCAP) through the lens of Climate Compatible Development (CCD). It highlights that while agriculture is central to Kenya's economy—contributing 26% to GDP—it is highly vulnerable to climate variability, with 80% of land being arid or semi-arid. The study finds a lack of clear synergies between adaptation and mitigation specifically regarding food security, noting that policy actors often struggle to distinguish between the two. It identifies institutional silos and a lack of specialized climate knowledge as primary barriers. Financially, the report notes that while Kenya has attracted significant international funding (e.g., $2.3 billion for various activities), these resources are fragmented, and the agricultural sector receives almost no domestic public climate finance. The document advocates for the establishment of a Climate Change Authority to act as a 'gatekeeper' for funds and the mainstreaming of CCD to build strategic partnerships for food security.

The document explores methods to overcome stalemates in international climate negotiations, suggesting a shift from unanimous consensus to qualified majority voting, the creation of interest-based coalitions, and the integration of climate justice and diverse representation in national delegations.

The document serves as a technical and strategic manual for Nepal's delegation to the UNFCCC. It explains the institutional structure of the climate regime, analyzes Nepal's high vulnerability to climate change—particularly in the Himalayas—and outlines national policies like the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA). It details Nepal's engagement with mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and REDD+, while advocating for a 1.5°C global warming limit and increased, direct climate finance for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and mountain nations.

The Agriculture, Vulnerability and Adaptation (AVA) project in Colombia's Upper Cauca River Basin is developing a comprehensive vulnerability assessment model to help the agricultural sector adapt to climate change. Moving beyond traditional biophysical models, the AVA approach integrates four dimensions: biophysical, political-institutional, economic-productive, and sociocultural. This interdisciplinary and participatory method involves stakeholders—including farmers, researchers, and government authorities—to identify key indicators and collect data, ensuring the results are relevant to local needs and less sensitive to the uncertainties of climate modeling. The project aims to create a universally accessible tool for adaptation planning that can be scaled to regional or national levels.

The document examines climate-induced migration in Bangladesh, highlighting it as an effective adaptation strategy for rural populations facing droughts, floods, and cyclones. While migration helps diversify livelihoods, migrants often face precarious living conditions in urban slums. The brief argues for a policy shift to support internal migration through improved infrastructure and services in destination areas.

The document serves as a thematic summary of the IPCC's SREX report, focusing on the science and implications of climate extremes for ecosystems. It is designed to assist policy makers and planners in understanding why extreme events are critical for ecosystems, how they are affected, and what actions can be taken to manage these risks to build a more resilient future.

The document introduces a thematic brief based on the IPCC's SREX report, which provides a scientific assessment of climate extremes and disasters. It aims to provide public health policy-makers and planners with guidance on why extreme events are critical public health issues, how they affect public health, and what actions can be taken to manage these risks to build a more resilient future.

The document serves as a thematic summary of the IPCC SREX report, focusing on the science and societal implications of climate extremes for the water sector. It is designed to assist policy-makers and planners in understanding why extreme events are critical for water management, how the sector is affected, and what actions can be taken to build resilience.

The document introduces a thematic brief based on the IPCC SREX report, which provides a scientific assessment of climate extremes and disasters. It aims to provide policy makers and planners with an understanding of why extreme events are critical for agricultural development, how the sector is affected, and what actions can be taken to manage these risks and build resilience.

The document argues that for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like Fiji, REDD+ should be viewed through an adaptation lens rather than solely as a mitigation tool. It details Fiji's three-step approach to REDD+ readiness—policy and scoping, detailed planning, and implementation—and highlights the role of multi-stakeholder consultations and international support from the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). The brief emphasizes that forest conservation provides critical co-benefits for disaster risk reduction, water security, and coastal protection against sea-level rise.

The document argues that the Technology Mechanism, comprising the Technology Executive Committee (TEC) and the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTC&N), must move beyond a linear view of technology transfer to a systemic approach. It recommends balancing 'push factors' from industrialised countries and 'pull factors' in developing countries to create enabling environments. Key proposals include promoting cooperative research, development and demonstration (RD&D) to bridge the 'valley of death' in financing and establishing a dedicated technology funding window within the Green Climate Fund (GCF).

The project investigates how to combine top-down national PES schemes with bottom-up local approaches, specifically Andean Reciprocal watershed Agreements (ARA), to better value ecosystems and promote climate compatible development. It seeks to develop a practical framework and a combined index for adaptation, mitigation, and development objectives, with the goal of influencing national legislation and providing a guide for scaling up locally led ARA.

The Africa Climate Change Resilience Alliance (ACCRA) project, running from January 2011 to January 2013 with a value of £184,250, aims to enhance the adaptive capacity of poor communities in Ethiopia, Mozambique, and Uganda. The project has influenced national policies, produced 27 publications, and facilitated capacity building for government officials through field visits and training. Phase 2 of the project focuses on 'flexible and forward looking decision-making' and the evaluation of a tailored ACCRA game for district government contexts.

The document analyses the EU's negotiating strategy at the 2011 Durban Summit, arguing that a combination of realist bargaining and normative alliance-building with vulnerable developing nations was key to preventing the collapse of the UNFCCC process. It examines the internal complexities of the EU as a negotiating bloc and the shifting dynamics of developing country coalitions, such as the BASIC group and the Cartagena Dialogue. The author concludes that while the Durban roadmap was a success, significant challenges remain regarding climate finance, emission targets, and the willingness of major emitters like the US and China to commit to legally binding agreements.

The document examines the process of securing direct access to the Adaptation Fund through National Implementing Entities (NIEs) in Jamaica and Senegal. It identifies common challenges regarding fiduciary standards and money management, while noting that early inclusion of civil society aids project implementation. The authors highlight that institutional capacity constraints can hinder access to finance even after accreditation and suggest that multilateral agencies should help develop accessible accreditation standards. Finally, it warns that qualifying as an NIE for the Adaptation Fund does not guarantee direct access to the larger Green Climate Fund, emphasizing the need for capacity building in vulnerable countries.

China transitioned from being 'slow off the mark' in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to dominating the market by employing a coordinated capacity-building strategy and strong governmental oversight. Central to this success was the appointment of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) as the Designated National Authority (DNA), ensuring that climate policy was managed by a powerful 'heavy-hitting' ministry rather than a less influential environment ministry. China implemented unique restrictions to protect its interests, including a floor price for Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), revenue levies ranging from 2% to 65% to fund the state-controlled CDM Fund, and requirements for Chinese control of project entities. These experiences have served as a foundation for China's transition toward a domestic emissions trading system, with pilot programs in cities like Beijing and Shanghai starting in early 2013 and a nationwide goal for 2015. Furthermore, China integrated carbon intensity reduction goals into its national 5-year plans, linking the performance of local officials to the achievement of these environmental targets.

Ecuador's Socio Bosque programme provides annual per-hectare payments to private and communal landholders who maintain forest cover. While not originally designed for REDD+, it supports Ecuador's climate strategy by reducing deforestation and increasing the resilience of the rural poor. After three years, the programme covered 881,933 hectares through 1,566 agreements, though it faces challenges regarding land titling and high monitoring costs.