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This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute provides an overview of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), including battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). It details the environmental and economic benefits of PEVs, the current state of the U.S. and global markets, charging infrastructure, battery technology trends, and government incentives.

This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative explains the structure and potential of Green Covered Bonds, highlighting their ability to provide low-cost, long-term financing for climate-friendly infrastructure and buildings through a 'Dual Recourse' mechanism.

This fact sheet by the Climate Bonds Initiative describes the use of Green City Bonds to finance climate-friendly urban infrastructure, highlighting market growth, specific regional examples such as Mexico City and the US, and various financing models for municipalities.

This briefing paper by the Climate Bonds Initiative explains the structure of covered bonds and argues for their application to low-carbon finance. It highlights how the dual recourse structure of covered bonds—providing claims over both a dedicated asset pool and the issuer—can lower funding costs for banks and increase institutional investment in green infrastructure and energy-efficient buildings.

This research paper section provides a detailed overview of climate finance flows to Papua New Guinea, detailing grant allocations between 2010 and 2014 and multilateral fund activities from 2015 to 2016.

This report provides a 2016 progress update on the first ten goals of the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF). It evaluates global trends in natural forest loss, private sector commitments to deforestation-free supply chains, restoration pledges under the Bonn Challenge and UNFCCC, and the evolution of international climate finance and forest governance.

This policy brief from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides recommendations for G20 countries to reform fossil fuel subsidies. It advocates for the use of voluntary peer review processes to increase transparency, the establishment of an ambitious and defined timetable for phasing out inefficient subsidies, and the implementation of targeted support to protect the poorest populations during the transition.

This research paper analyzes the 2016 EU-Turkey migrant deal, arguing that while it has succeeded in its primary goal of deterring arrivals via the Aegean Sea, it has done so at a significant humanitarian and legal cost. The author contends that the deal, combined with border closures across Eastern and South Eastern Europe, has trapped refugees in squalid conditions and pushed migrants toward more dangerous smuggling routes, while potentially undermining the international principle of non-refoulement.

The 'GREEN FINANCE: GREEN BOND DIRECTIONS COP22 Highlights' report by the Climate Bonds Initiative details the rapid growth of the green bond market in 2016, emphasizing its role in funding climate mitigation and adaptation to meet Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It highlights the shift toward private sector issuance, the emergence of China as a dominant market, and the necessity of reaching USD 1 trillion in annual issuance by 2020 to substantively address climate change.

The Green Economy Barometer 2016, published by the Green Economy Coalition (GEC), assesses the global transition toward green and fair economies. The report assigns a score of 4 out of 10 to the transition, noting that while international policy architecture, renewable energy investment, and corporate awareness of natural capital risks have improved, the transition lacks the depth and breadth to address extreme poverty, the informal economy, and systemic structural reform.

This directory, compiled by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) with financial support from Denmark, provides an inventory of assistance and capacity-building programmes available to African states in chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) areas. It details the offers of nearly 50 states, various international and regional organisations, and civil society entities, primarily within the framework of UN Security Council Resolution 1540 and other international non-proliferation treaties.

This guide by the World Resources Institute provides a glossary of terms used in COP21 climate negotiations to define long-term emissions-reduction goals. It distinguishes between various technical terms such as decarbonization, carbon neutrality, and climate neutrality, while outlining the requirements for these goals to effectively operationalize the target of limiting warming to below 2°C or 1.5°C.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines six critical areas of climate finance to monitor during the COP 21 negotiations in Paris. It emphasizes the need for developed countries to meet the $100 billion annual funding goal by 2020, the importance of increasing adaptation funding, and the necessity of transparent reporting and a predictable finance cycle to support developing nations.

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) analyzes the use of fiscal instruments within Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted to the UNFCCC by November 20, 2015. The review identifies trends in how countries employ fossil fuel subsidy reform (FFSR), clean energy subsidies, and carbon pricing to support low-carbon development and GHG mitigation.

This technical annex assesses progress toward Goal 2 of the New York Declaration on Forests, which aims to eliminate deforestation from the production of agricultural commodities—specifically palm oil, soy, paper, and beef—by 2020. The report uses market share of certified commodities and the number of corporate and governmental commitments as proxy indicators for progress, noting significant data gaps and varying levels of ambition across different sectors.

This technical annex report assesses progress toward Goal 8 of the New York Declaration on Forests, which focuses on providing support for the development and implementation of strategies to reduce forest emissions. The document analyzes financial flows from international public donors, domestic public spending, private sector investments, and contributions from civil society and indigenous peoples, while highlighting significant data gaps in non-ODA funding.

This technical annex assesses progress on Goal 9 of the New York Declaration on Forests, which focuses on rewarding countries and jurisdictions for reducing forest emissions through public and private payments for verified emission reductions (VERs). The report tracks two indicators: international public payments through multilateral and bilateral funds, and the value of forest VER purchases in voluntary and compliance carbon markets.

This report, published in November 2015 by Climate Focus and partners, establishes an assessment framework and provides an initial progress report on the ten goals of the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF). It evaluates the status of global efforts to halt natural forest loss, restore degraded lands, and improve forest governance one year after the NYDF's September 2014 signing.

This executive summary describes the initial assessment of the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF), a coalition of governments, companies, and civil society established in September 2014. The NYDF aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 4.5 to 8.8 billion tons by 2030 through ten specific goals, including halting natural forest loss and restoring degraded lands. The document proposes a monitoring framework to track progress, noting that while some initiatives and commitments have increased in the first year, overall progress remains slow and data gaps persist.

The 2015 Green Bond Market Roundup by the Climate Bonds Initiative reports that $41.8 billion in labelled green bonds were issued in 2015. The document highlights growth in market supply driven by policy support, the entry of more corporate and municipal issuers, and expanding investor demand from institutional entities. It also notes an evolution in standards, such as the launch of Climate Bond Standard V2, and an increasing emphasis on reporting and third-party assurance to validate green credentials.