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This research paper explores options for a voluntary standstill commitment on inefficient fossil fuel subsidies for APEC member economies, as tasked by the APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade. It outlines three potential implementation models—inventory-based, value-based, and hybrid—to prevent the increase of market-distorting subsidies that have negative environmental impacts.

This policy brief from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides recommendations for G20 countries to reform fossil fuel subsidies. It advocates for the use of voluntary peer review processes to increase transparency, the establishment of an ambitious and defined timetable for phasing out inefficient subsidies, and the implementation of targeted support to protect the poorest populations during the transition.